Lillibridge S R, Noji E K, Burkle F M
Disaster Assessment & Epidemiology Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Ann Emerg Med. 1993 Nov;22(11):1715-20. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(05)81311-3.
In the past decade, interest in the operational and epidemiologic aspects of disaster medicine has grown dramatically. State, local, and federal organizations have created vast emergency response networks capable of responding to disasters, while hospitals have developed extensive disaster plans to address mass casualty situations. Increasingly, the US armed forces have used both their ability to mobilize quickly and their medical expertise to provide humanitarian assistance rapidly during natural and man-made disasters. However, the critical component of any disaster response is the early conduct of a proper assessment to identify urgent needs and to determine relief priorities for an affected population. Unfortunately, because this component of disaster management has not kept pace with other developments in emergency response and technology, relief efforts often are inappropriate, delayed, or ineffective, thus contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, improvements in disaster assessment remain the most pressing need in the field of disaster medicine.
在过去十年中，人们对灾难医学的运作和流行病学方面的兴趣急剧增长。州、地方和联邦组织建立了庞大的应急网络，能够应对灾难，而医院也制定了广泛的灾难应对计划，以处理大规模伤亡情况。美国武装部队越来越多地利用其快速动员能力和医疗专业知识，在自然和人为灾难期间迅速提供人道主义援助。然而，任何灾难应对的关键组成部分都是尽早进行适当评估，以确定紧迫需求并为受灾人群确定救援优先事项。不幸的是，由于灾难管理的这一组成部分未能跟上应急响应和技术的其他发展，救援工作往往不恰当、延迟或无效，从而导致发病率和死亡率上升。因此，改进灾难评估仍然是灾难医学领域最迫切的需求。
