Marsh H W
University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, New South Wales, Australia.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1993 Sep;64(3):256-73. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1993.10608810.
This investigation extends the factor analytic approach pioneered by Fleishman (1964) by incorporating subsequent developments in the application of confirmatory factor analysis and the physical fitness literature. Specifically, it tests the ability of an a priori factor structure of physical fitness to fit (i.e., account for) data based on 25 indicators of fitness (field exercises, technical measures, and laboratory measures) for 2,817 boys and girls aged 9, 12, and 15. An eight-factor (Cardiovascular Endurance, Explosive/Dynamic Strength, Static Strength, Flexibility/Joint Mobility, Blood Pressure, Lung Function, Body Girth, and Skinfold) model derived from previous research fit the data well for each of the six age/gender groups, considered separately. Based on tests of factorial invariance, factor loadings and factor correlations were reasonably invariant across the six groups. This important finding indicates that all 25 indicators are equally valid for boys and girls aged 9, 12, and 15 and that the multidimensional structure of physical fitness generalizes over gender and age.
本研究扩展了弗莱什曼（1964年）开创的因素分析方法，纳入了验证性因素分析应用及体能文献中的后续发展成果。具体而言，它基于2817名9岁、12岁和15岁男孩和女孩的25项体能指标（野外运动、技术测量和实验室测量），测试了体能的先验因素结构拟合（即解释）数据的能力。从先前研究中得出的一个八因素模型（心血管耐力、爆发力/动态力量、静态力量、柔韧性/关节活动度、血压、肺功能、体围和皮褶厚度），在分别考虑的六个年龄/性别组中均能很好地拟合数据。基于因素不变性检验，因素载荷和因素相关性在这六个组中具有合理的不变性。这一重要发现表明，所有25项指标对9岁、12岁和15岁的男孩和女孩同样有效，并且体能的多维结构在性别和年龄上具有普遍性。
