Hasslacher C
Medical University Clinic, Heidelberg, Germany.
Clin Biochem. 1993 Aug;26(4):283-7. doi: 10.1016/0009-9120(93)90126-q.
Microalbuminuria is defined as excretion of albumin between 20 and 200 micrograms/min. Persistent microalbuminuria indicates a high probability of damage to the glomerular filtration capacity of the kidney and is of great diagnostic relevance: (a) in diabetes, for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy; (b) in patients with hypertension, as an indicator of end-organ damage associated with a lowered life expectancy; (c) in pregnancy, as a possible predictor of developing preeclampsia. For screening, a concentration of 20-200 mg/L of albumin in the first morning urine has been proven to be a suitable indicator. The Micral-Test is a test strip now available that makes a semiquantitative assessment of the albumin concentration in the urine at various levels (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/L). Many studies have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of the test strip is 90% or higher in urine containing elevated albumin concentrations. Furthermore, it was shown that there is no influence on the measurement from interfering factors such as glucose concentration, pH value, ketonuria, storage of the sample, or bacterial contamination in the urine. The Micral-Test offers a simple, exact, and with respect to interference effects, a robust testing method for the semiquantitative assessment of albumin concentration in the urine.
微量白蛋白尿的定义为白蛋白排泄量在20至200微克/分钟之间。持续性微量白蛋白尿表明肾脏肾小球滤过功能受损的可能性很高，具有重要的诊断意义：(a) 在糖尿病中，用于早期诊断糖尿病肾病；(b) 在高血压患者中，作为与预期寿命降低相关的终末器官损害的指标；(c) 在妊娠中，作为子痫前期发生的可能预测指标。对于筛查，已证明晨尿中白蛋白浓度为20 - 200毫克/升是一个合适的指标。Micral-Test是一种现有的试纸条，可对尿液中不同水平（0、10、20、50、100毫克/升）的白蛋白浓度进行半定量评估。许多研究表明，在白蛋白浓度升高的尿液中，该试纸条的灵敏度和特异性达到90%或更高。此外，研究表明，葡萄糖浓度、pH值、酮尿、样本储存或尿液中的细菌污染等干扰因素对测量没有影响。Micral-Test为尿液中白蛋白浓度的半定量评估提供了一种简单、准确且抗干扰性强的检测方法。
