Smit A B
Program in Speech Pathology/Audiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-3503.
J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Oct;36(5):931-47. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3605.931.
The errors on word-initial consonant clusters made by children in the Iowa-Nebraska Articulation Norms Project (Smit, Hand, Freilinger, Bernthal, & Bird, 1990) were tabulated by age range and frequency. The error data show considerable support for Greenlee's (1974) stages in the acquisition of clusters: the youngest children show cluster reduction, somewhat older children show cluster preservation but with errors on one or more of the cluster elements, and the oldest children generally show correct production. These stages extended to three-element clusters as well. Typical cluster reduction errors were (a) reduction to the obstruent in obstruent-plus-approximant clusters and (b) reduction to the second element in /s/-clusters. When clusters were preserved, but one member was in error, the error was typically the same as for the singleton consonant. Cluster errors are discussed in terms of theories of phonologic development, including open genetic programs and feature geometry. These data are expected to be useful in evaluation and treatment of disorders of phonology.
爱荷华-内布拉斯加发音规范项目（史密斯、汉德、弗赖林格、伯恩索尔和伯德，1990年）中儿童在单词首辅音连缀上所犯的错误，按年龄范围和出现频率进行了列表统计。错误数据为格林利（1974年）提出的辅音连缀习得阶段提供了相当多的支持：年龄最小的儿童表现为连缀简化，稍大一些的儿童表现为连缀保留但在一个或多个连缀成分上出现错误，而年龄最大的儿童通常表现为正确发音。这些阶段也适用于三元音连缀。典型的连缀简化错误包括：（a）在塞音加通音连缀中简化为塞音，以及（b）在/s/连缀中简化为第二个成分。当连缀被保留，但其中一个成员出现错误时，该错误通常与单个辅音的错误相同。根据语音发展理论，包括开放遗传程序和特征几何理论，对连缀错误进行了讨论。这些数据有望在语音障碍的评估和治疗中发挥作用。
