Hollinger B R, Pastoor T P
Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill.
Arch Intern Med. 1993 Aug 23;153(16):1925-8.
Brodifacoum is a readily available, second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide (superwarfarin) that causes extended depletion of vitamin K1-dependent clotting factors. Brodifacoum ingestions are being reported with increasing frequency. For the first time, we compare plasma brodifacoum concentration to prothrombin levels over time in a case of brodifacoum poisoning. Brodifacoum was eliminated according to a two-compartment model, with an initial half-life of 0.75 days and a terminal half-life of 24.2 days. On admission, the brodifacoum level was 731 micrograms/L and the patient suffered severe urinary tract hemorrhage, requiring transfusion of blood products. Persistently increased prothrombin times necessitated treatment with phytonadione up to 80 mg/d for 4 months, until the brodifacoum level reached 10 micrograms/L. These data may help project the duration of phytonadione treatment required in future cases of brodifacoum poisoning. Superwarfarin exposure must be suspected in an otherwise unexplained vitamin K1-deficient coagulopathy.
溴敌隆是一种容易获得的第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂(超级华法林),它会导致维生素K1依赖的凝血因子长期耗竭。溴敌隆中毒的报告频率越来越高。我们首次在一例溴敌隆中毒病例中,随时间比较血浆溴敌隆浓度与凝血酶原水平。溴敌隆按照二室模型消除,初始半衰期为0.75天,终末半衰期为24.2天。入院时,溴敌隆水平为731微克/升,患者出现严重的泌尿道出血,需要输注血液制品。凝血酶原时间持续升高,需要用维生素K1治疗,剂量高达80毫克/天,持续4个月,直到溴敌隆水平降至10微克/升。这些数据可能有助于推测未来溴敌隆中毒病例所需的维生素K1治疗持续时间。在其他原因不明的维生素K1缺乏性凝血病中,必须怀疑有超级华法林暴露。