García-Closas R, Serra-Majem L, Segura R
Unit of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1993 Sep;47 Suppl 1:S85-90.
Many epidemiological, interventional and animal studies have concluded that consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids of marine origin may confer special benefits in reducing cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) mortality rates by different physiological mechanisms. The available epidemiological data, although limited, suggest that a dietetic recommendation on the consumption of one or two servings per week (200-300 g = 2-4 g eicosapentaenoic acid) of cold water marine fish could lead to a reduction of the CHD risk. Nevertheless, there are important methodological shortcomings and contradictory findings in most published investigations on the omega-3 fatty acids. In order to assess the role of fish consumption in the Mediterranean diet, we have compared data on average fish and fatty fish consumption trends in some Mediterranean (Spain, Yugoslavia and Italy) and northern European (Norway, Denmark) countries. Fish consumption is not positively correlated with ischaemic heart disease mortality. That suggests that dietary factors other than fish, such as the lower meat consumption associated to the higher fish intake, or other differences of lifestyle have perhaps intervened, helping to explain the healthy nature of the Mediterranean diet.
许多流行病学、干预性和动物研究得出结论，食用海洋来源的多不饱和脂肪酸可能通过不同的生理机制在降低心血管疾病（CHD）死亡率方面带来特殊益处。现有的流行病学数据虽然有限，但表明每周食用一到两份（200 - 300克 = 2 - 4克二十碳五烯酸）冷水海鱼的饮食建议可能会降低患冠心病的风险。然而，大多数已发表的关于omega - 3脂肪酸的研究存在重要的方法学缺陷和相互矛盾的结果。为了评估食用鱼类在地中海饮食中的作用，我们比较了一些地中海国家（西班牙、南斯拉夫和意大利）和北欧国家（挪威、丹麦）的平均鱼类和富含脂肪鱼类消费趋势数据。鱼类消费与缺血性心脏病死亡率没有正相关关系。这表明除鱼类之外的饮食因素，例如与较高鱼类摄入量相关的较低肉类消费量，或其他生活方式差异可能起到了干预作用，这有助于解释地中海饮食的健康特性。
