Briegel H, Hörler E
Institute of Zoology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
J Med Entomol. 1993 Nov;30(6):975-85. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/30.6.975.
Multiple blood meals within one gonotrophic cycle were taken readily at 6-24-hr intervals by nulliparous female Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann. Up to five blood meals were ingested and with each blood meal, more primary follicles matured as well as some secondary ones. This produced an irregular oviposition pattern that questioned the concept of gonotrophic concordance. The first blood meal initiated limited vitellogenesis and the maturation of few follicles. Instead, protein was diverted to the synthesis of maternal, extraovarian lipid and protein deposits; fecundity increased with successive blood meals. This pattern of protein and energy utilization may be explained in terms of the low caloric lipid and protein content of nulliparous females before the first blood meal. In An. albimanus, a critical female body size, approximately 0.25 cal of lipid per female, was necessary for the initiation of oogenesis; below this threshold at least two blood meals were required for follicle maturation. Less than 10% of the caloric input from a blood meal was utilized in the synthesis of ovarian protein and lipids, whereas a similar percentage was transferred to maternal deposits of protein and lipid. In nonoogenic females, a replete blood meal increased total body protein and lipid by 17 and 113%, respectively. Altogether, the efficiency of blood protein utilization was rather low, as indicated by losses of excretory nitrogen that regularly exceeded 75% of the input. Anopheles gambiae Giles and An. stephensi Liston also fed multiply, but fecundity was less affected. Instead, maternal deposits were synthesized from the blood meal in substantial amounts. In general, gonotrophic discordance also was found routinely in these anopheline species. The ratio of yolk protein to lipids varied inter- and intra-specifically, as well as among consecutive blood meals, indicating a considerable plasticity in the caloric distribution of these two yolk components.
未产卵的白纹按蚊雌蚊在一个生殖营养周期内很容易每隔6 - 24小时摄取多次血餐。摄取了多达五次血餐，每次血餐后，更多的初级卵泡以及一些次级卵泡成熟。这产生了不规则的产卵模式，对生殖营养协调的概念提出了质疑。第一次血餐引发了有限的卵黄生成和少数卵泡的成熟。相反，蛋白质被转移用于合成母体、卵巢外的脂质和蛋白质储备；随着连续血餐，繁殖力增加。这种蛋白质和能量利用模式可以用第一次血餐之前未产卵雌蚊低热量的脂质和蛋白质含量来解释。在白纹按蚊中，卵母细胞发生开始时，雌蚊临界体型约为每只雌蚊0.25卡路里脂质；低于此阈值，卵泡成熟至少需要两次血餐。血餐中不到10%的热量输入用于卵巢蛋白质和脂质的合成，而类似比例被转移到母体蛋白质和脂质储备中。在未产卵的雌蚊中，一次饱血餐分别使全身蛋白质和脂质增加了17%和113%。总的来说，血液蛋白质利用效率相当低，排泄氮的损失经常超过输入量的75%就表明了这一点。冈比亚按蚊和斯氏按蚊也多次进食，但繁殖力受影响较小。相反，大量母体储备由血餐合成。一般来说，在这些按蚊种类中也经常发现生殖营养不协调。卵黄蛋白与脂质的比例在种间和种内以及连续血餐之间都有所不同，表明这两种卵黄成分的热量分布具有相当大的可塑性。
