Stone D H
Public Health Research Unit, University of Glasgow.
BMJ. 1993 Nov 13;307(6914):1264-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.307.6914.1264.
The design of questionnaires is a craft which has been badly neglected by the medical profession. A questionnaire should be appropriate, intelligible, unambiguous, unbiased, capable of coping with all possible responses, satisfactorily coded, piloted, and ethical. The key steps in designing a questionnaire are to: decide what data you need, select items for inclusion, design the individual questions, compose the wording, design the layout and presentation, think about coding, prepare the first draft and pretest, pilot, and evaluate the form, and perform the survey. Despite the apparently complicated nature of the task, theoretical knowledge is no substitute for practical experience.
问卷设计是一门医学专业严重忽视的技艺。一份问卷应该恰当、易懂、明确、无偏见、能够应对所有可能的回答、有令人满意的编码、经过预试验、符合伦理道德。设计问卷的关键步骤包括:确定你需要哪些数据,选择要纳入的项目,设计单个问题,构思措辞,设计布局和呈现方式,考虑编码,准备初稿并进行预测试、试点测试、评估问卷形式,以及开展调查。尽管这项任务表面上复杂,但理论知识无法替代实践经验。