Hill D, White V, Marks R, Borland R
Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, Carlton South, Australia.
Eur J Cancer Prev. 1993 Nov;2(6):447-56. doi: 10.1097/00008469-199311000-00003.
This study aimed to determine trends in exposure to sunlight in the context of a melanoma prevention programme by monitoring the prevalence of sunburn and sun-related attitudes and behaviours. Telephone interviews were conducted in a baseline summer (December 1987 to February 1988) and two subsequent summers after the introduction of the SunSmart health promotion campaign. Interviewing a sample of 4,428 adult residents of the Australian city of Melbourne took place throughout summer on Monday evenings. Behavioural and sunburn data were reported for the previous weekend and relevant attitudinal data were collected. After adjusting for ambient ultraviolet radiation levels and temperature, survey month, age, sex and skin type, a significant reduction in sunburn was found. The crude proportion of sunburnt dropped from 11% to 10% to 7% over 3 years and the adjusted odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) were as follows: Year 1/Year 2; 0.75 (CI 0.57-0.99) and Year 1/Year 3; 0.59 (CI 0.43-0.81). Substantial attitudinal shifts occurred over the 3 years. Hat wearing increased significantly each year (19%, 26%, 29%), as did sunscreen use (12%, 18%, 21%). However, the trends in mean proportion of body surface area covered by clothing were less clear cut (0.67, 0.64, 0.71). It is concluded that melanoma risk factor exposure of populations can change fairly rapidly and that well-conducted health promotion campaigns can play a part in producing such change.
本研究旨在通过监测晒伤患病率以及与阳光相关的态度和行为，确定在黑色素瘤预防计划背景下的阳光暴露趋势。在基线夏季（1987年12月至1988年2月）以及引入“明智防晒”健康促进活动后的随后两个夏季进行了电话访谈。在整个夏季的周一晚上，对澳大利亚墨尔本市4428名成年居民样本进行了访谈。报告了前一个周末的行为和晒伤数据，并收集了相关的态度数据。在对环境紫外线辐射水平、温度、调查月份、年龄、性别和皮肤类型进行调整后，发现晒伤情况有显著减少。晒伤的粗略比例在3年中从11%降至10%再降至7%，调整后的优势比（及95%置信区间）如下：第1年/第2年；0.75（置信区间0.57 - 0.99），第1年/第3年；0.59（置信区间0.43 - 0.81）。在这3年中发生了显著的态度转变。每年戴帽子的人数显著增加（分别为19%、26%、29%），使用防晒霜的人数也增加（分别为12%、18%、21%）。然而，衣物覆盖身体表面积的平均比例趋势不太明确（分别为0.67、0.64、0.71）。研究得出结论，人群中黑色素瘤风险因素的暴露情况可以相当迅速地改变，并且开展良好的健康促进活动可以在促成这种改变方面发挥作用。
