Boedhi-Darmojo R
Research Institute, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
World Health Stat Q. 1993;46(2):119-24.
As its socioeconomic situation is improving, Indonesia is now in epidemiological transition, having the double burden of infectious diseases and emerging noncommunicable, especially cardiovascular, diseases. A review of the data from recent community surveys indicates an increase in cardiovascular diseases, particularly ischaemic heart disease and hypertension and its sequelae, as causes of morbidity and mortality, most markedly among the elderly, while rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease continue to have much lower incidences. In response to this situation, Indonesia has joined the WHO MONICA Project as an associate member. The first population screening, completed in 1988 on 2,073 randomly selected subjects, disclosed important risk factors including hypertension, smoking and physical inactivity. Lipid values are low compared with Western figures but higher than Japanese values. The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 5 to 15% in all adults but reached over 20% in those aged 50 years and over. Primary and primordial prevention programmes are to receive higher priority, and health education is to be given special attention at all levels. It will be necessary for the government to work closely with nongovernmental organizations in order to accomplish the tasks in hand.
随着社会经济状况的改善，印度尼西亚目前正处于流行病学转型期，面临着传染病和新出现的非传染性疾病（尤其是心血管疾病）的双重负担。对近期社区调查数据的回顾表明，心血管疾病，特别是缺血性心脏病、高血压及其后遗症，作为发病和死亡原因，在老年人中最为明显地增加，而风湿性心脏病和先天性心脏病的发病率仍然低得多。针对这种情况，印度尼西亚已作为准成员加入了世卫组织的莫尼卡项目。1988年对2073名随机选取的受试者进行了首次人群筛查，发现了包括高血压、吸烟和缺乏体育活动等重要危险因素。与西方数据相比，血脂值较低，但高于日本数据。所有成年人中高血压患病率在5%至15%之间，但50岁及以上人群中超过20%。初级和原级预防计划将得到更高的优先重视，各级都将特别关注健康教育。政府有必要与非政府组织密切合作，以便完成手头的任务。
