Prentice A, Laskey M A, Shaw J, Hudson G J, Day K C, Jarjou L M, Dibba B, Paul A A
Medical Research Council Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK.
Br J Nutr. 1993 May;69(3):885-96. doi: 10.1079/bjn19930088.
The Ca and P intakes of 148 pregnant and lactating women in a rural village in The Gambia, West Africa, have been estimated by direct weighing of food on a total of 4188 d. The Ca and P contents of local foods were determined by analysis of raw ingredients, snack foods and prepared dishes. Information about the contribution of mineral-rich seasonings was obtained. Efforts were made to discover unusual sources of Ca that might not be perceived as food by subject or observer. The main contributors to daily Ca intake were shown to be leaves, fish, cereals, groundnuts and local salt. Cow's milk accounted for only 5% of Ca intake. Unusual sources of Ca were discovered, namely baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit and selected earths, but these were consumed infrequently and their contributions to Ca intakes were small. Cereals and groundnuts were the main sources of P. Ca and P intakes (mg/d) were shown to average 404 (SD 110) and 887 (SD 219) respectively. Seasonal changes in the availability of leaves, cereals and groundnuts resulted in variations in Ca and P intakes. The rainy season was associated with increased Ca intakes (by 16%) but decreased P consumption (by 15%). No difference was observed in Ca intake between pregnant and lactating women but P intake in lactation was 11% higher than that in pregnancy during the post-harvest season. The implications of these low Ca intakes require investigation.
通过对西非冈比亚一个乡村的148名孕妇和哺乳期妇女共4188天的食物进行直接称重，估算了她们的钙和磷摄入量。通过对当地食物的原料、休闲食品和烹饪菜肴进行分析，测定了当地食物中的钙和磷含量。获取了关于富含矿物质调味料贡献的信息。努力寻找那些受试者或观察者可能不认为是食物的异常钙源。结果表明，每日钙摄入量的主要来源是树叶、鱼类、谷物、花生和当地盐。牛奶仅占钙摄入量的5%。发现了异常的钙源，即猴面包树（猴面包树属）果实和特定的泥土，但这些食用频率较低，对钙摄入量的贡献较小。谷物和花生是磷的主要来源。钙和磷的摄入量（毫克/天）分别平均为404（标准差110）和887（标准差219）。树叶、谷物和花生供应的季节性变化导致了钙和磷摄入量的变化。雨季与钙摄入量增加（16%）但磷消耗量减少（15%）有关。孕妇和哺乳期妇女的钙摄入量没有差异，但在收获后季节，哺乳期的磷摄入量比孕期高11%。这些低钙摄入量的影响需要进行调查。
