Byers T
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724.
Cancer. 1993 Aug 1;72(3 Suppl):1015-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19930801)72:3+<1015::aid-cncr2820721312>3.0.co;2-q.
Diet may be an important factor in the cause and prevention of cancer. Thus, in part to reduce cancer risk, the United States has set two dietary goals for the Year 2000: to reduce fat intake by 18% so that fat constitutes no more than 30% of caloric intake (baseline level 35%), and to double the consumption of carbohydrate and fiber-containing foods by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to five servings per day and grains to six servings per day (baseline levels 2.5 and 3.0). How far the US population has progressed toward these goals is uncertain.
Dietary trends in the United States during the past 20 years were examined by compiling food supply data and dietary intake estimates from US adults from various national surveys and from individual studies.
Dietary fat intake, considered in absolute terms and as the proportion of calories derived from fat, has been declining slightly during the past 20 years but probably remains near 35% of kilocalories derived from fat. Fruit and vegetable intake appears to be increasing, yet probably averages no more than 3.4 servings per day among US adults. These dietary trends may not be occurring equally in all socioeconomic levels of our society.
There is evidence of modest improvement in the American diet during the past 20 years, with decreasing fat and increasing fruits and vegetables in the diet, but changes must occur at a faster pace if the Year 2000 dietary goals are to be met. More cost-efficient and more timely methods of dietary surveillance of target populations must be developed to support the development and evaluation of more effective dietary interventions.
饮食可能是癌症病因及预防方面的一个重要因素。因此，部分为了降低癌症风险，美国为2000年设定了两个饮食目标：将脂肪摄入量降低18%，使脂肪占热量摄入的比例不超过30%（基线水平为35%），并通过将水果和蔬菜的摄入量增加到每天五份，谷物摄入量增加到每天六份（基线水平分别为2.5份和3.0份），使含碳水化合物和纤维的食物消费量翻倍。美国人口在实现这些目标方面取得了多大进展尚不确定。
通过汇总来自各种全国性调查和个别研究的美国成年人的食物供应数据和饮食摄入量估计值，研究了美国过去20年的饮食趋势。
从绝对数值以及脂肪热量占比来看，过去20年中饮食脂肪摄入量略有下降，但可能仍接近来自脂肪的千卡热量的35%。水果和蔬菜的摄入量似乎在增加，但美国成年人中平均每天可能不超过3.4份。这些饮食趋势在我们社会的所有社会经济层面可能并非同等出现。
有证据表明，在过去20年中美国饮食有适度改善，饮食中脂肪减少，水果和蔬菜增加，但如果要实现2000年饮食目标，变化速度必须加快。必须开发更具成本效益和更及时的目标人群饮食监测方法，以支持更有效的饮食干预措施的制定和评估。
