Krebs-Smith S M
Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Cancer. 1998 Oct 1;83(7):1425-32. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981001)83:7<1425::aid-cncr21>3.0.co;2-5.
In an effort to decrease cancer risk among the population, national health objectives for the year 2000 included recommendations to decrease intake of dietary fat and alcohol and increase intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. The purpose of this article is to assess trends in the intake of these dietary components relative to the national health objectives.
National food supply data and food consumption survey data were reviewed for their appropriateness for monitoring intake trends. Recent data from both sources are described and interpreted.
Americans have made modest but important improvements in their diets in recent years and may meet the "Healthy People 2000" dietary objectives aimed at decreasing cancer risk. Intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains are higher, and those of fat and alcohol are lower than they were at the beginning of the decade. These trends are consistent with recent improvements in mortality rates for those cancer sites with the strongest associations with diet: the colon/rectum, prostate, and breast.
Although the average intake of fruits, vegetables, and grain products is higher, it should be noted that the objective represents the minimum recommendations. Within each of these major food groups, further improvements can be made. In addition, special efforts should be made to guide children toward improvements in their diets and to monitor the diets of children and other subgroups.
为降低人群中的癌症风险，2000年的国家健康目标包括减少膳食脂肪和酒精摄入量以及增加水果、蔬菜和谷物摄入量的建议。本文旨在评估这些膳食成分的摄入量相对于国家健康目标的趋势。
对国家食品供应数据和食品消费调查数据进行审查，以评估其监测摄入量趋势的适用性。描述并解释了来自这两个来源的最新数据。
近年来，美国人的饮食有了适度但重要的改善，可能会实现旨在降低癌症风险的“2000年健康人群”膳食目标。水果、蔬菜和谷物的摄入量增加，脂肪和酒精的摄入量低于本十年初。这些趋势与饮食关联最强的癌症部位（结肠/直肠、前列腺和乳腺）的死亡率近期改善情况一致。
尽管水果、蔬菜和谷物产品的平均摄入量有所增加，但应注意该目标代表的是最低建议量。在这些主要食物类别中，都可以进一步改善。此外，应特别努力引导儿童改善饮食，并监测儿童和其他亚组的饮食情况。
