Coté T R, Sivertson D, Horan J M, Lindegren M L, Dwyer D M
VEB-NCI, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852.
Public Health Rep. 1993 Jul-Aug;108(4):431-5.
Despite high vaccination levels, measles outbreaks continue to occur among vaccinated adults. In response, new guidelines call for two doses of measles vaccine. To determine seroprevalence and response to vaccination in seronegative persons, we tested serums from 256 college athletes at a Maryland State college by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, vaccinated seronegatives, then re-tested vaccinees. High school records were obtained for persons seronegative to measles. Of 256 students, 53 (21 percent) were seronegative to measles alone, 13 (5 percent) were seronegative to rubella alone, and 5 (2 percent) were seronegative to both. Among those seronegative to measles, 86 percent had previously received a dose of measles vaccine. After vaccination, 37 persons initially seronegative to measles and 9 seronegative to rubella were 97 percent and 100 percent seropositive, respectively. The high measles seroconversion rate suggests that the two-dose vaccine schedule should effectively control campus measles outbreaks and, if given as measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, will also improve immunity to rubella and mumps.
尽管疫苗接种率很高，但麻疹疫情仍在接种过疫苗的成年人中继续发生。作为应对措施，新指南要求接种两剂麻疹疫苗。为了确定血清阴性者的血清阳性率和对疫苗接种的反应，我们通过酶联免疫吸附测定法对马里兰州一所大学的256名大学生运动员的血清进行了检测，对血清阴性者进行了疫苗接种，然后对接种者再次进行检测。获取了麻疹血清阴性者的高中记录。在256名学生中，53人（21%）仅对麻疹血清阴性，13人（5%）仅对风疹血清阴性，5人（2%）对两者均血清阴性。在那些对麻疹血清阴性的人中，86%之前曾接种过一剂麻疹疫苗。接种疫苗后，最初对麻疹血清阴性的37人和对风疹血清阴性的9人分别有97%和100%的血清转化为阳性。高麻疹血清转化率表明，两剂疫苗接种方案应能有效控制校园麻疹疫情，如果作为麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗接种，还将提高对风疹和腮腺炎的免疫力。
