Fredrickson B L, Kahneman D
Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0085.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Jul;65(1):45-55. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.65.1.45.
Two experiments documented a phenomenon of duration neglect in people's global evaluations of past affective experiences. In Study 1, 32 Ss viewed aversive film clips and pleasant film clips that varied in duration and intensity. Ss provided real-time ratings of affect during each clip and global evaluations of each clip when it was over. In Study 2, 96 Ss viewed these same clips and later ranked them by their contribution to an overall experience of pleasantness (or unpleasantness). Experimental Ss ranked the films from memory; control Ss were informed of the ranking task in advance and encouraged to make evaluations on-line. Effects of film duration on retrospective evaluations were small, entirely explained by changes in real-time affect and further reduced when made from memory. Retrospective evaluations appear to be determined by a weighted average of "snapshots" of the actual affective experience, as if duration did not matter.
两项实验记录了人们对过去情感体验进行整体评估时的持续时间忽视现象。在研究1中，32名受试者观看了时长和强度各异的厌恶影片片段和愉悦影片片段。受试者在每个片段播放期间提供情感实时评分，并在片段结束时对每个片段进行整体评估。在研究2中，96名受试者观看了相同的片段，随后根据这些片段对整体愉悦（或不愉悦）体验的贡献进行排序。实验受试者凭记忆对影片进行排序；对照受试者提前被告知排序任务，并被鼓励进行在线评估。影片时长对回顾性评估的影响很小，完全由实时情感变化来解释，并且在凭记忆进行评估时影响进一步减小。回顾性评估似乎由实际情感体验“快照”的加权平均值决定，就好像持续时间无关紧要一样。
