Wilson W D
Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine.
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 1993 Aug;9(2):257-82. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30395-4.
Influenza continues to be one of the most important diseases of horses despite the availability and widespread use of equine influenza vaccines for almost 30 years. In recent years, infection with the influenza A/equine/2 subtype has become endemic in the equine populations of North America, Europe, and Scandinavia. Continued antigenic drift of field virus has compromised the efficacy of vaccines, most of which contain antigens prepared from influenza viruses isolated more than 10 years ago. This article reviews the history, virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of influenza in horses and emphasizes recent developments in diagnostic methods and vaccine technology.
尽管马用流感疫苗已问世并广泛使用近30年，但流感仍是马最重要的疾病之一。近年来，甲型/马/2亚型流感病毒感染在北美、欧洲和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的马群中已成为地方病。野外病毒持续的抗原漂移损害了疫苗的效力，其中大多数疫苗所含抗原是由10多年前分离的流感病毒制备的。本文综述了马流感的历史、病毒学、流行病学、发病机制、免疫学、临床表现、诊断、治疗、控制和预防，并着重介绍了诊断方法和疫苗技术的最新进展。
