Just P M
Clinical Pharmacy Programs, Premier Hospitals Alliance, Inc., Westchester Illinois 60154-5735.
Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Mar-Apr;13(2 Pt 2):4S-17S.
The fluoroquinolones represent an important advance in antimicrobial therapy. Commercially available products in the United States now include norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and lomefloxacin. Although they share a common mechanism of action, they differ significantly in their antimicrobial spectrum of activity, their pharmacokinetic characteristics, and, to a lesser degree, their safety profiles. These compounds are generally highly effective against aerobic gram-negative and many gram-positive isolates; their activity is more limited against anaerobic bacteria. Quinolone-resistant bacteria have been isolated, but most do not appear to pose a clinically significant problem at this time. The agents are effective in the treatment of a wide range of infections. Although some, such as ciprofloxacin and enoxacin, have been associated with clinically significant interactions with theophylline derivatives, others such as ofloxacin and lomefloxacin appear to have a limited propensity for such interactions.
氟喹诺酮类药物是抗菌治疗领域的一项重要进展。美国市面上现有的产品包括诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、依诺沙星和洛美沙星。尽管它们具有共同的作用机制，但在抗菌谱活性、药代动力学特征以及在较小程度上的安全性方面存在显著差异。这些化合物通常对需氧革兰氏阴性菌和许多革兰氏阳性菌分离株高度有效；它们对厌氧菌的活性较为有限。已分离出对喹诺酮耐药的细菌，但目前大多数似乎并未构成临床上的重大问题。这些药物可有效治疗多种感染。尽管有些药物，如环丙沙星和依诺沙星，已被证明与茶碱衍生物存在具有临床意义的相互作用，但其他药物，如氧氟沙星和洛美沙星，似乎发生此类相互作用的倾向有限。
