Meyer F, White E
Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Aug 15;138(4):225-36. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116851.
A population-based case-control study was conducted from 1985 to 1989 in western Washington State to assess the relation between nutrients and the incidence of colon cancer in men and women aged 30-62. A food frequency questionnaire was used to document the usual diet 7 years before diagnosis for 424 cases and at a similar time for 414 controls. Alcohol consumption was strongly related to the risk of colon cancer in both men and women, with age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of colon cancer = 1.0, 1.9, 1.7, and 2.6 for 0, < 10, 10-29, and > or = 30 g/day intake for men and adjusted odds ratios = 1.0, 1.3, 1.8, and 2.5 for the same categories for women. The trend odds ratio associated with a one-category increment in the four-level alcohol consumption variable was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.5) in men and 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.7) in women. For both sexes, higher dietary fiber intakes were associated with lower relative risks for colon cancer, with age-, energy-, and alcohol-adjusted odds ratios = 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.6 across quartiles of consumption for men (trend OR for a one-quartile increment = 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.1) and adjusted odds ratios = 1.0, 0.9, 0.5, and 0.5 for women (trend OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0). In men, this was mostly attributable to intake of cereal fiber (trend OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-1.0) while, in women, this association mostly reflected the effect of fruit fiber (trend OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) and vegetable fiber (trend OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0). Calcium was associated with a decreased risk of colon cancer among women only (adjusted OR across quartiles = 1.0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.3; trend OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-1.0). There was no indication of an association between colon cancer and fat or protein consumption or dietary vitamins.
1985年至1989年期间，在华盛顿州西部开展了一项基于人群的病例对照研究，以评估营养素与30至62岁男性和女性结肠癌发病率之间的关系。采用食物频率问卷记录了424例病例在确诊前7年的日常饮食情况，并在相似时间记录了414例对照的日常饮食情况。男性和女性的酒精摄入量均与结肠癌风险密切相关，男性每日酒精摄入量为0、<10、10 - 29及≥30克时，年龄调整后的结肠癌优势比（OR）分别为1.0、1.9、1.7和2.6，女性相应类别调整后的优势比分别为1.0、1.3、1.8和2.5。四级酒精摄入量变量每增加一个类别，男性的趋势优势比为1.3（95%置信区间（CI）1.0 - 1.5），女性为1.4（95% CI 1.0 - 1.7）。对于男女两性，较高的膳食纤维摄入量与较低的结肠癌相对风险相关，男性按四分位数摄入膳食纤维时，年龄、能量和酒精调整后的优势比分别为1.0、0.9、0.8和0.6（每增加一个四分位数的趋势OR = 0.8，95% CI 0.7 - 1.1），女性调整后的优势比分别为1.0、0.9、0.5和0.5（趋势OR = 0.8，95% CI 0.6 - 1.0）。在男性中，这主要归因于谷物纤维的摄入（趋势OR = 0.8，95% CI 0.6 - 1.0），而在女性中，这种关联主要反映了水果纤维（趋势OR = 0.8，95% CI 0.6 - 0.9）和蔬菜纤维（趋势OR = 0.8，95% CI 0.7 - 1.0）的作用。仅在女性中，钙与结肠癌风险降低相关（按四分位数调整后的OR分别为1.0、0.5、0.6、0.3；趋势OR = 0.7，95% CI 0.6 - 1.0）。未发现结肠癌与脂肪、蛋白质摄入量或膳食维生素之间存在关联。
