Elwood J M
Hugh Adam Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Melanoma Res. 1993 Jun;3(3):149-56. doi: 10.1097/00008390-199306000-00002.
Recent work on melanoma epidemiology up to and including the Third International Conference in 1993 shows that in several countries mortality trends have stabilized or are decreasing, although incidence continues to increase. Despite specific attention, evidence for a role of factors other than sun and ultraviolet exposure is weak. The established aetiological factors are sun exposure, particularly intermittent exposure, and exposure to artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation. Acquired naevi are also related to sun exposure and may be a useful biological marker, as may be mutations such as p53. Evidence for the effectiveness of educational efforts to reduce sun exposure of populations is now provided by Australian work, and studies in Scotland demonstrate the effectiveness of public education in early diagnosis. A major unresolved issue is the value or otherwise of population screening, and systematic trails are required.
近期关于黑色素瘤流行病学的研究工作，直至并包括1993年召开的第三届国际会议，结果表明，在几个国家中，尽管发病率仍在上升，但死亡率趋势已趋于稳定或正在下降。尽管受到了特别关注，但除阳光和紫外线照射之外的其他因素发挥作用的证据仍很薄弱。已确定的病因因素包括阳光照射，尤其是间歇性照射，以及接触人工紫外线辐射源。后天性痣也与阳光照射有关，可能是一种有用的生物学标志物，p53等突变也可能如此。澳大利亚的研究工作现在为减少人群阳光照射的教育努力的有效性提供了证据，而苏格兰的研究则证明了公众教育在早期诊断方面的有效性。一个主要的未解决问题是人群筛查的价值与否，需要进行系统的试验。
