Carpita N C, Gibeaut D M
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.
Plant J. 1993 Jan;3(1):1-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.1993.tb00007.x.
Advances in determination of polymer structure and in preservation of structure for electron microscopy provide the best view to date of how polysaccharides and structural proteins are organized into plant cell walls. The walls that form and partition dividing cells are modified chemically and structurally from the walls expanding to provide a cell with its functional form. In grasses, the chemical structure of the wall differs from that of all other flowering plant species that have been examined. Nevertheless, both types of wall must conform to the same physical laws. Cell expansion occurs via strictly regulated reorientation of each of the wall's components that first permits the wall to stretch in specific directions and then lock into final shape. This review integrates information on the chemical structure of individual polymers with data obtained from new techniques used to probe the arrangement of the polymers within the walls of individual cells. We provide structural models of two distinct types of walls in flowering plants consistent with the physical properties of the wall and its components.
聚合物结构测定及电子显微镜下结构保存技术的进展，为多糖和结构蛋白如何组装成植物细胞壁提供了迄今为止最佳的视角。形成并分隔正在分裂细胞的细胞壁，在化学和结构上与正在扩张以赋予细胞功能形态的细胞壁有所不同。在禾本科植物中，细胞壁的化学结构与已研究的所有其他开花植物物种的细胞壁不同。然而，这两种类型的细胞壁都必须遵循相同的物理规律。细胞扩张通过细胞壁各成分严格调控的重新定向发生，这首先使细胞壁能够在特定方向上伸展，然后锁定最终形状。本综述整合了关于单个聚合物化学结构的信息以及从用于探究单个细胞细胞壁内聚合物排列的新技术中获得的数据。我们提供了与细胞壁及其成分的物理特性一致的开花植物两种不同类型细胞壁的结构模型。
