Sonuga-Barke E J, Balding J
University of Southampton, Highfield, United Kingdom.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1993 Aug;21(4):367-76. doi: 10.1007/BF01261599.
Parents were asked to rate which of 40 items were likely causes of one of three types of psychological disturbance common among 9-year-old children, the symptoms of which were outlined in vignettes. Parents' accounts were consistent and coherent. Symptoms of hyperactivity were linked to poor diet, antisocial conduct to a lack of discipline and unhappiness at school, and emotional problems to breakdowns in interpersonal relations and unhappiness at school. However, a number of factors (socioeconomic difficulties, attachment risks, and organic dysfunction) that research suggests are risks to development were rated by parents as unlikely causes of problems. The implications of this mismatch between "lay" and "expert" views is examined.
研究人员要求家长们从40个项目中选出哪些可能是9岁儿童中常见的三种心理障碍之一的成因，这些障碍的症状在案例中有所描述。家长们的回答一致且连贯。多动症症状与不良饮食有关，反社会行为与缺乏纪律以及在学校不开心有关，而情绪问题与人际关系破裂和在学校不开心有关。然而，一些研究表明对发展有风险的因素（社会经济困难、依恋风险和器质性功能障碍），家长们却认为不太可能是问题的成因。本文探讨了这种“外行”观点与“专家”观点不匹配的影响。
