Rigotti N A, Stoto M A, Bierer M F, Rosen A, Schelling T
Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Am J Public Health. 1993 Feb;83(2):227-32. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.2.227.
Laws restricting smoking in public places and workplaces can protect the public only if they are obeyed. We sought to assess compliance with a Cambridge, Mass, no-smoking ordinance.
We prospectively observed 174 retail stores 1 month before and 3, 11, and 24 months after the law took effect. At 24 months, we interviewed one employee per store.
Full compliance with the law was low; at 24 months, only 4% of stores displayed the mandated sign and were free of smokers and smoke. Fewer than half the stores posted any no-smoking sign. Sign prevalence increased over 2 years (22% to 41%, P < .001), but the frequency of smoke or smokers (13% and 10%, respectively, at baseline) did not change. According to employees interviewed at 24 months, 38% of stores illegally permitted customers or employees to smoke. These stores had more smoke and fewer signs than did stores prohibiting smoking. Compliance was poor in liquor and convenience stores. Employees who had been told how to handle customers' smoking were more likely to enforce the law.
Compliance with a no-smoking law is not guaranteed. For retail stores, compliance may improve if stores adopt no-smoking policies, post signs, and teach employees to enforce the law.
只有当限制在公共场所和工作场所吸烟的法律得到遵守时，才能保护公众。我们试图评估对马萨诸塞州剑桥市一项无烟条例的遵守情况。
我们前瞻性地观察了174家零售店，在该法律生效前1个月以及生效后3个月、11个月和24个月进行观察。在24个月时，我们对每家商店的一名员工进行了访谈。
对该法律的完全遵守情况很低；在24个月时，只有4%的商店展示了规定的标志，且没有吸烟者和烟雾。不到一半的商店张贴了任何无烟标志。标志的普及率在2年中有所增加（从22%增至41%，P <.001），但烟雾或吸烟者的频率（基线时分别为13%和10%）没有变化。根据在24个月时接受访谈的员工所述，38%的商店非法允许顾客或员工吸烟。与禁止吸烟的商店相比，这些商店有更多的烟雾且标志更少。酒类商店和便利店的遵守情况很差。被告知如何处理顾客吸烟问题的员工更有可能执行该法律。
无烟法律的遵守情况无法得到保证。对于零售店而言，如果商店采取无烟政策、张贴标志并教导员工执行法律，遵守情况可能会有所改善。
