Swift A E, Swift T R
Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1993;31(1):1-29. doi: 10.3109/15563659309000371.
Ciguatera is a type of marine food poisoning produced by the consumption of ciguatoxic reef fish. The disease is of significant concern in many tropical areas where it has been known for centuries. Although mortality from ciguatera is low, morbidity is high and symptoms may be debilitating and prolonged. Ciguatera produces characteristic gastrointestinal, neurological, and to a lesser extent, cardiovascular symptoms. Though the symptoms are relatively well documented, the disease often goes unreported or misdiagnosed. The toxins responsible for ciguatera are produced by marine dinoflagellates associated with coral reefs. The toxins are ingested by and accumulate in the fishes which when consumed by man ultimately cause ciguatera. Recent advances in toxin pharmacology have identified ciguatoxin as a sodium channel agonist and have begun to address other aspects of ciguatera on the molecular level. Treatment with mannitol relieves the symptoms; the precise mechanism or mechanisms of action have not been proven. Immunoassays are being developed for detecting even negligible amounts of toxins in suspect fish flesh.
雪卡毒素中毒是一种因食用含雪卡毒素的珊瑚礁鱼类而导致的海洋食物中毒。在许多热带地区，这种疾病已为人所知达数百年之久，备受关注。虽然雪卡毒素中毒导致的死亡率较低，但发病率较高，症状可能使人虚弱且持续时间长。雪卡毒素中毒会引发典型的胃肠道、神经方面的症状，在较小程度上还会出现心血管症状。尽管症状有相对充分的记录，但这种疾病常常未被报告或误诊。引发雪卡毒素中毒的毒素由与珊瑚礁相关的海洋甲藻产生。这些毒素被鱼类摄入并在其体内蓄积，人类食用这些鱼类后最终会导致雪卡毒素中毒。毒素药理学的最新进展已确定雪卡毒素是一种钠通道激动剂，并已开始在分子层面研究雪卡毒素中毒的其他方面。用甘露醇治疗可缓解症状；确切的作用机制尚未得到证实。正在开发免疫测定法，用于检测可疑鱼肉中即使微量的毒素。
