Tsai S L, Crockett M S
Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1993 Jan-Mar;14(1):51-66. doi: 10.3109/01612849309006890.
The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of relaxation training, which was based on the cognitive-behavioral model and specifically focused on helping Chinese registered nurses employed in large teaching hospitals to reduce their work stress in Taiwan, Republic of China. The study design was a pretest-posttest control design with two posttest points. The 137 subjects were selected randomly from three first-ranked teaching hospitals. Twenty-three subjects in the experimental group and 23 in the control group from each hospital participated in the study. The treatment of the experimental group consisted of two sessions of relaxation training based on Smith's (1988) cognitive behavioral model of relaxation at weeks 1 and 2, with a follow-up session in the fifth week. The control group had the same sequence of sessions with a presentation by the researcher on theory analysis in nursing. The mean scores on the Nurse Stress Checklist (NSC) and the Chinese General Health Questionnaire (CGHQ) differed significantly between the experimental and control group in posttest 2 at week 5. These results supported the hypotheses that the relaxation training decreased the Chinese nurses' self-reported work stress as measured by NSC and increased the Chinese nurses' self-reported psychophysiologic health as measured by CGHQ. The significant difference on means of the CGHQ in posttest 1 at week 2 showed that the self-reported psychophysiologic health level responded to the relaxation training earlier than to the self-reported work stress level. In the relaxation treatment, duration of practice was an important factor of the effectiveness of the treatment on the dependent variable of NSC. It is suggested that even brief teaching of relaxation techniques may reduce work stress levels and promote a sense of psychophysiologic health in Chinese nurses who are employed in large teaching hospitals in Taiwan.
本研究的目的是测试放松训练的效果，该训练基于认知行为模型，特别旨在帮助在中国台湾地区大型教学医院工作的注册护士减轻工作压力。研究设计为前测-后测对照设计，并设有两个后测点。137名受试者从三所排名靠前的教学医院中随机选取。每所医院的实验组和对照组各有23名受试者参与研究。实验组的治疗包括在第1周和第2周基于史密斯（1988年）的放松认知行为模型进行的两期放松训练，并在第5周进行一次随访。对照组进行相同顺序的课程，由研究人员进行护理理论分析的讲解。在第5周的后测2中，实验组和对照组在护士压力清单（NSC）和中国一般健康问卷（CGHQ）上的平均得分存在显著差异。这些结果支持了以下假设：放松训练降低了中国护士通过NSC测量的自我报告工作压力，并提高了中国护士通过CGHQ测量的自我报告心理生理健康水平。在第2周的后测1中，CGHQ平均值的显著差异表明，自我报告的心理生理健康水平对放松训练的反应早于自我报告的工作压力水平。在放松治疗中，练习时长是治疗对NSC因变量有效性的一个重要因素。建议即使是简短的放松技巧教学，也可能降低在台湾大型教学医院工作的中国护士的工作压力水平，并促进其心理生理健康感。
