Oppliger R A, Landry G L, Foster S W, Lambrecht A C
State Health Registry of Iowa, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Pediatrics. 1993 Apr;91(4):826-31.
Wrestlers are known for their extreme weight-cutting practices including fasting, food and fluid restriction, and dehydration. Using a stratified statewide survey, this investigation elucidated weight loss practices, nutritional knowledge, and bulimic behaviors among 713 high school wrestlers in Wisconsin. Results showed that 1.7% of the wrestlers answered questions consistent with all five criteria for bulimia nervosa, a rate higher than expected for adolescent males. An additional 43% exhibited weight-cutting practices similar to those of the wrestlers who met all bulimia nervosa criteria. The average wrestler lost 3.2 kg to compete, cycled 1.8 kg weekly, and fasted 20 hours prior to weigh-in. More extreme behaviors occurred among the 45% who met two or more bulimia nervosa criteria on their questionnaire; 19% frequently fasted, 25% restricted fluids, 34% used rubber suits, and 8% vomited. These results are comparable with data published over the past 20 years. Efforts to curtail these behaviors through regulations restricting weight loss coupled with sound nutritional information are warranted. Physicians and health professionals should be alert to potential eating disorders within this population.
摔跤运动员以其极端的减重做法而闻名，包括禁食、限制食物和液体摄入以及脱水。通过一项分层的全州范围调查，本研究阐明了威斯康星州713名高中摔跤运动员的减重做法、营养知识和暴食行为。结果显示，1.7%的摔跤运动员回答的问题符合神经性贪食症的所有五项标准，这一比例高于青春期男性的预期。另外43%的运动员表现出与符合所有神经性贪食症标准的摔跤运动员类似的减重做法。平均每位摔跤运动员为了比赛减重3.2千克，每周体重波动1.8千克，在称重前禁食20小时。在问卷中符合两项或更多神经性贪食症标准的45%的运动员中，出现了更极端的行为；19%的人经常禁食，25%的人限制液体摄入，34%的人使用橡胶服，8%的人催吐。这些结果与过去20年公布的数据相当。通过限制减重的规定以及合理的营养信息来减少这些行为的努力是有必要的。医生和健康专业人员应该警惕这一人群中潜在的饮食失调问题。
