Funder D C, Sneed C D
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside 92521-0426.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993 Mar;64(3):479-90. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.64.3.479.
The present study concerns connections between personality traits, the behaviors by which they are manifest, and the behaviors by which they are judged. One hundred forty undergraduate Ss were videotaped in 2 social interactions, and 62 behaviors were coded from each tape. Separately, personality descriptions were obtained from knowledgeable informants. A pair of "strangers" viewed each videotape then also provided personality descriptions. Other Ss rated the diagnosticity of the 62 behaviors for each of the Big Five personality traits. The diagnosticity ratings predicted how behavioral cues would be used by strangers and were closely related to their actual relevance as indexed by their correlations with informants' judgments. These findings speak to the general accuracy of personality judgments, the development of methods to improve accuracy, and the value of reintegrating traditionally separate concerns of personality and social psychology.
本研究关注人格特质、其表现行为以及用于评判这些特质的行为之间的联系。140名本科生在两次社交互动中被录像，每段录像中对62种行为进行了编码。另外，从了解情况的知情者那里获取了人格描述。一对“陌生人”观看每段录像，然后也提供人格描述。其他受试者对62种行为对于每种大五人格特质的诊断价值进行了评分。这些诊断性评分预测了陌生人将如何利用行为线索，并且与它们和知情者判断的相关性所表明的实际相关性密切相关。这些发现说明了人格判断的总体准确性、提高准确性的方法的发展以及重新整合传统上人格心理学和社会心理学各自关注点的价值。
