Gomberg E S
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48104.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993 Apr;181(4):211-9. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199304000-00001.
National surveys of the quantity/frequency of drinking, conducted over the last half century, show that the percentage of nonabstaining women has remained at about 60%. Although male/female differences in drinking are smaller than they were a generation ago, this appears to relate primarily to drinking by young adults. Study of social attitudes toward male and female intoxication has consistently indicated more disapproval of female intoxication. Alcoholism in women has a complex etiology that includes biological factors, positive family history, difficulties in impulse control, depression, and drinking by significant others in the social environment. Male/female differences in patterns and consequences of alcoholic behavior are summarized, as are differences among alcoholic women with earlier or later onset.
在过去半个世纪进行的全国性饮酒量/饮酒频率调查显示，非戒酒女性的比例一直保持在60%左右。尽管男女饮酒差异比上一代时小，但这似乎主要与年轻人饮酒有关。对男女醉酒的社会态度研究一直表明，对女性醉酒的反对态度更强。女性酒精中毒有复杂的病因，包括生物学因素、家族遗传史、冲动控制困难、抑郁以及社会环境中重要他人的饮酒行为。总结了酒精中毒行为模式和后果方面的男女差异，以及酒精中毒女性发病早晚的差异。
