Cave C B, Kosslyn S M
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.
Perception. 1993;22(2):229-48. doi: 10.1068/p220229.
An investigation of the role of parts and their spatial relations in object identification is reported. At the most general level, two important results were obtained. First, proper spatial relations among components of an object are critical for easy identification. When parts were scrambled on the page, naming times and error rates increased. And, second, the way an object is divided into parts (parsed) affects identification only under the most impoverished viewing conditions. When subjects had as little as 1 s (and sometimes as little as 200 ms) to view an object, the way objects were divided into parts had no effect on naming times or accuracy. There was no hint of an interaction between type of parse and how parts were arranged on the page. This pattern of effects supports theories that suggest that objects typically are recognized without being parsed into parts. The findings are in agreement with theories suggesting that object features (not specifically related to parts) are matched directly with such features stored in long-term memory, with the constraint that the features of a single object are seen from a single viewpoint.
本文报告了一项关于部件及其空间关系在物体识别中作用的研究。在最一般的层面上，获得了两个重要结果。首先，物体各组成部分之间恰当的空间关系对于易于识别至关重要。当部件在页面上被打乱时，命名时间和错误率都会增加。其次，物体被分割成部件（解析）的方式仅在最匮乏的观察条件下才会影响识别。当受试者仅有1秒（有时甚至只有200毫秒）来观察一个物体时，物体被分割成部件的方式对命名时间或准确性没有影响。没有迹象表明解析类型与部件在页面上的排列方式之间存在相互作用。这种效应模式支持了一些理论，这些理论认为物体通常在不被解析成部件的情况下就能被识别。这些发现与一些理论一致，这些理论表明物体特征（并非特别与部件相关）直接与存储在长期记忆中的此类特征相匹配，前提是单个物体的特征是从单一视角看到的。
