Breslow L, Breslow N
UCLA School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion/Disease Prevention 90024.
Prev Med. 1993 Jan;22(1):86-95. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1993.1006.
With greater longevity people are increasingly concerned about how to avoid disability during their longer lives. Policy decisions concerning ways to extend health as well as life have become part of the nation's health agenda. Opportunity to examine that issue has arisen in the Alameda County Human Population Laboratory. Earlier studies there established seven health practices as risk factors for higher mortality: excessive alcohol consumption, smoking cigarettes, being obese, sleeping fewer or more than 7-8 hours, having very little physical activity, eating between meals, and not eating breakfast. Observation now reveals that, taking into account age, gender, physical health status, and social network index in 1965, the occurrence of disability was only about one-half as great among the cohort survivors in 1974 who reported good health practices in 1965 as among those with poor health practices; those with an intermediate level of health practices experienced about two-thirds the relative disability risk of those with poor health practices. Essentially similar relationships prevailed for the 1982/1983 survivors of the original (1965) cohort who, upon requestioning, had been found to be without disability in 1974.
随着寿命的延长，人们越来越关注如何在更长的生命中避免残疾。有关延长健康和寿命方法的政策决策已成为国家健康议程的一部分。阿拉米达县人口实验室出现了研究该问题的机会。早期在那里的研究确定了七种健康行为是高死亡率的风险因素：过度饮酒、吸烟、肥胖、睡眠时间少于或多于7至8小时、几乎不进行体育活动、在两餐之间进食以及不吃早餐。现在的观察表明，考虑到1965年的年龄、性别、身体健康状况和社交网络指数，1974年队列幸存者中，1965年报告健康行为良好的人出现残疾的几率仅约为健康行为不佳者的一半；健康行为处于中等水平的人经历的相对残疾风险约为健康行为不佳者的三分之二。对于最初（1965年）队列中1982/1983年的幸存者，经重新询问发现他们在1974年没有残疾，基本上也存在类似的关系。
