Crum R M, Anthony J C, Bassett S S, Folstein M F
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
JAMA. 1993 May 12;269(18):2386-91.
To report the distribution of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores by age and educational level.
National Institute of Mental Health Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program surveys conducted between 1980 and 1984.
Community populations in New Haven, Conn; Baltimore, Md; St Louis, Mo; Durham, NC; and Los Angeles, Calif.
A total of 18,056 adult participants selected by probability sampling within census tracts and households.
Summary scores for the MMSE are given in the form of mean, median, and percentile distributions specific for age and educational level.
The MMSE scores were related to both age and educational level. There was an inverse relationship between MMSE scores and age, ranging from a median of 29 for those 18 to 24 years of age, to 25 for individuals 80 years of age and older. The median MMSE score was 29 for individuals with at least 9 years of schooling, 26 for those with 5 to 8 years of schooling, and 22 for those with 0 to 4 years of schooling.
Cognitive performance as measured by the MMSE varies within the population by age and education. The cause of this variation has yet to be determined. Mini-Mental State Examination scores should be used to identify current cognitive difficulties and not to make formal diagnoses. The results presented should prove to be useful to clinicians who wish to compare an individual patient's MMSE scores with a population reference group and to researchers making plans for new studies in which cognitive status is a variable of interest.
报告按年龄和教育水平划分的简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）得分分布情况。
1980年至1984年期间进行的美国国立精神卫生研究所流行病学集水区项目调查。
康涅狄格州纽黑文市、马里兰州巴尔的摩市、密苏里州圣路易斯市、北卡罗来纳州达勒姆市和加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市的社区人群。
通过在普查区和家庭中进行概率抽样选取的18056名成年参与者。
MMSE的汇总得分以年龄和教育水平特定的均值、中位数和百分位数分布形式给出。
MMSE得分与年龄和教育水平均相关。MMSE得分与年龄呈负相关，18至24岁人群的中位数为29分，80岁及以上人群为25分。接受至少9年教育的人群MMSE中位数得分为29分，接受5至8年教育的人群为26分，接受0至4年教育的人群为22分。
用MMSE衡量的认知表现因年龄和教育程度在人群中存在差异。这种差异的原因尚未确定。简易精神状态检查表得分应用于识别当前的认知困难，而非用于做出正式诊断。呈现的结果对于希望将个体患者的MMSE得分与人群参考组进行比较的临床医生以及计划开展认知状态为感兴趣变量的新研究的研究人员应是有用的。
