Madeleine M M, Wiktor S Z, Goedert J J, Manns A, Levine P H, Biggar R J, Blattner W A
Viral Epidemiology Section, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852.
Int J Cancer. 1993 May 8;54(2):255-60. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910540216.
Mapping the geographic distribution of human T-lymphotrophic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-I and -II) has been complicated because conventional serologic approaches cannot distinguish between these 2 viruses. To more precisely define the epidemiology of HTLV-I and HTLV-II, we evaluated a convenience sample of 4,832 HTLV-I immunoblot results from over 140,000 samples screened for HTLV-I, collected in 16 countries for 35 separate studies. An algorithm that compares reactivity against p19 and p24, 2 gag (HTLV-I core) proteins, was employed to characterize the immunoblots: type I, p19 stronger than p24 (presumptive HTLV-I), type 2, p24 stronger than p19 (presumptive HTLV-II), or indeterminate (p19 and p24 weakly positive or p19 weakly positive in the presence of p21e). Geographic areas could be grouped into 4 patterns. Patterns A (> 75% type I) and B (> 75% type 2) were usually observed where the specific type of HTLV or its characteristic diseases had been found. Pattern C (mixed type 1 and 2 pattern) was observed predominantly in intravenous-drug-using and other populations in which both virus types have been reported. Pattern D (> 10% indeterminate), suggests the presence of non-specific reactivity, perhaps resulting from exposure to non-virus-related antigens or an HTLV-related virus. HTLV-I predominates in southern Japan, the South Pacific, parts of West Africa, and in Afro-populations of the Western hemisphere. HTLV-II clusters in Native American populations and among intravenous drug users. Pattern-D areas in Africa and Venezuela might prove to be fertile in the search for new and variant HTLV virus types.
绘制人类1型和2型嗜T淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV - I和 - II）的地理分布图一直很复杂，因为传统的血清学方法无法区分这两种病毒。为了更精确地界定HTLV - I和HTLV - II的流行病学特征，我们评估了一个便利样本，该样本来自16个国家为35项独立研究筛查HTLV - I的超过140,000份样本中的4832份HTLV - I免疫印迹结果。采用一种算法来比较针对p19和p24这两种gag（HTLV - I核心）蛋白的反应性，以对免疫印迹进行特征描述：I型，p19强于p24（推测为HTLV - I），2型，p24强于p19（推测为HTLV - II），或不确定型（p19和p24弱阳性或在存在p21e时p19弱阳性）。地理区域可分为4种模式。模式A（>75%为I型）和模式B（>75%为2型）通常出现在已发现特定类型HTLV或其特征性疾病的地方。模式C（1型和2型混合模式）主要在静脉吸毒者及其他已报告两种病毒类型的人群中观察到。模式D（>10%为不确定型）表明存在非特异性反应性，这可能是由于接触了与病毒无关的抗原或一种与HTLV相关的病毒所致。HTLV - I在日本南部、南太平洋、西非部分地区以及西半球的非洲裔人群中占主导地位。HTLV - II聚集在美洲原住民人群以及静脉吸毒者中。非洲和委内瑞拉的模式D地区可能在寻找新的和变异的HTLV病毒类型方面具有丰富成果。
