Fratiglioni L, Ahlbom A, Viitanen M, Winblad B
Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sweden.
Ann Neurol. 1993 Mar;33(3):258-66. doi: 10.1002/ana.410330306.
Our current knowledge of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease is limited and primarily addresses early-onset disease. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease using a case-control approach. Ninety-eight cases and 216 controls were gathered from an ongoing population survey on aging and dementia in Stockholm (the Kungsholmen Project). We found a high relative risk (3.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-5.7) with the presence of at least one first-degree relative affected by dementia. Among all the other risk factors, alcohol abuse (relative risk, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-13.8) and manual work (relative risk for men of 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-25.5) emerged as positively associated. No clear association was found with a family history of Parkinson disease, advanced parental age at index delivery, season of birth, or previous head trauma. In conclusion, our data suggest that the main risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease is a family history of dementia, as has been previously reported for early-onset disease. Moreover, alcohol abuse and occupational exposure might play a specific role for this form of the disease.
我们目前对阿尔茨海默病风险因素的了解有限，主要针对早发性疾病。本研究旨在采用病例对照方法确定晚发性阿尔茨海默病的风险因素。从斯德哥尔摩正在进行的一项关于衰老和痴呆的人群调查（ Kungsholmen项目）中收集了98例病例和216例对照。我们发现，至少有一位受痴呆影响的一级亲属时，相对风险较高（3.2；95%置信区间，1.8 - 5.7）。在所有其他风险因素中，酗酒（相对风险，4.4；95%置信区间，1.4 - 13.8）和体力劳动（男性相对风险为5.3；95%置信区间，1.1 - 25.5）呈正相关。未发现与帕金森病家族史、索引分娩时父母高龄、出生季节或既往头部外伤有明确关联。总之，我们的数据表明，晚发性阿尔茨海默病的主要风险因素是痴呆家族史，这与先前早发性疾病的报道一致。此外，酗酒和职业暴露可能在这种疾病形式中起特定作用。
