Bergström E, Hernell O, Persson L A
Department of Paediatrics, University of Umeå, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 1993 May;82(5):472-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12726.x.
A school-based dietary survey, using seven-day records, was performed in two cohorts of Swedish adolescents; 14- and 17-year-olds. The study comprised 366 boys and 365 girls. When compared to previous studies in Sweden, a striking finding was a decrease in dietary fat intake and an increase in carbohydrate intake. However, the relative intake of saturated fat had not changed (15% of total energy). The dietary change was mainly due to an increased consumption of cereal products. There were no major differences in dietary habits or nutrient density of the food between the two age groups, or between boys and girls. The mean intakes of protein, fat and carbohydrate, expressed as a percentage of the total energy intake, were 15, 33 and 52%, respectively. The mean intakes of vitamins and minerals were low only for selenium. The boys had a high iron intake (1.5 and 1.7 times the recommended intake for 14- and 17-year-olds, respectively) while the mean iron intake for girls was 0.9 times the recommended dietary allowances in both age groups. The intake of dietary salt was higher in boys than in girls (7.7 g and 9.0 g per day in 14- and 17-year-old boys, respectively, and 5.8 g per day in both 14- and 17-year-old girls). In a long-term health perspective, this positive change in nutrient intake in adolescents may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of diet-related diseases in Sweden.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
一项基于学校的饮食调查采用了七天饮食记录法，对两组瑞典青少年（14岁和17岁）进行了调查。该研究包括366名男孩和365名女孩。与瑞典此前的研究相比，一个显著发现是饮食脂肪摄入量减少，碳水化合物摄入量增加。然而，饱和脂肪的相对摄入量并未改变（占总能量的15%）。饮食变化主要归因于谷物产品消费的增加。两个年龄组之间以及男孩和女孩之间在饮食习惯或食物的营养密度方面没有重大差异。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的平均摄入量分别占总能量摄入量的15%、33%和52%。仅硒的维生素和矿物质平均摄入量较低。男孩的铁摄入量较高（14岁和17岁男孩分别是推荐摄入量的1.5倍和1.7倍），而两个年龄组女孩的铁平均摄入量均为推荐膳食摄入量的0.9倍。男孩的膳食盐摄入量高于女孩（14岁和17岁男孩每天分别为7.7克和9.0克，14岁和17岁女孩每天均为5.8克）。从长期健康角度来看，青少年营养摄入的这种积极变化可能有助于降低瑞典与饮食相关疾病的发病率。（摘要截选至250字）
