Ivanova-Chemishanska L, Khinkova L, Mikhaĭlova A, Antov G, Khristeva V, Khalkova Zh, Mirkova E, Mitova Zh, Mukhtarova M, Ilieva P
Probl Khig. 1995;20:138-45.
Toxic hygienic investigations were carried out involving a representative group of 131 workers (50 females and 81 males) distributed into three main workshops--preparatory, confection, and vulcanization--at "Dynamic" automobile tire plant in Sofia. The majority of male and female workers were in the age range beyond 40 years, having a general occupational experience in excess of 10 years and specialized occupational experience from 10 to 20 years or more. The chemical hazard was among the leading ones in the occupational environment, differing in nature according to the technologies used. Included were various chemical substances and compounds: synthetic rubbers, fillers (soot, chalk, kaolin); softeners (mazut, paraffin, etc.); accelerants (mercaptothiazoles--captax and altax); dithiocarbamates (thiuram); vulcacides (diphenylguanidine); antiwear agents (antioxidants and antiozonators-isopropyl-phenyl-paraphenylene diamine, naphthyl-beta-naphthylamine); antiaccelerants (phthalic anhydride, ets.); organic solvents and others. The indicated chemical substances and compounds, though often found at concentrations below the mean-shift MACs, do produce health impacts by virtue of prolonged and combined exposures. Use was made of the questionnaire method. Also, hematologic, clinical laboratory, and toxic chemical testing was performed. Findings pointed to changes in hemopoiesis, deviations in hepatic functional state, while sulfate and glucuronide values confirmed the workers' high exposures.
对索非亚“动力”汽车轮胎厂的131名工人（50名女性和81名男性）代表组进行了有毒卫生调查。这些工人分布在三个主要车间——准备车间、糖果车间和硫化车间。大多数男女工人年龄超过40岁，一般职业经验超过10年，专业职业经验为10至20年或更长时间。化学危害是职业环境中的主要危害之一，根据所使用的技术，其性质有所不同。其中包括各种化学物质和化合物：合成橡胶、填料（炭黑、白垩、高岭土）；软化剂（重油、石蜡等）；促进剂（巯基噻唑类——促进剂M和促进剂DM）；二硫代氨基甲酸盐（秋兰姆）；硫化剂（二苯胍）；抗磨剂（抗氧化剂和抗臭氧剂——异丙基苯基对苯二胺、萘基-β-萘胺）；防促进剂（邻苯二甲酸酐等）；有机溶剂等。上述化学物质和化合物，尽管其浓度常常低于平均迁移的最高容许浓度，但由于长期和综合接触，确实会对健康产生影响。采用了问卷调查法。此外，还进行了血液学、临床实验室和有毒化学检测。结果表明造血功能发生变化，肝功能状态出现偏差，而硫酸盐和葡萄糖醛酸苷值证实了工人的高接触水平。
