肺炎链球菌：毒力因子、发病机制与疫苗
Streptococcus pneumoniae: virulence factors, pathogenesis, and vaccines.
作者信息
AlonsoDeVelasco E, Verheul A F, Verhoef J, Snippe H
机构信息
Eijkman-Winkler Institute of Medical and Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Microbiol Rev. 1995 Dec;59(4):591-603. doi: 10.1128/mr.59.4.591-603.1995.
Abstract
Although pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are close to being licensed, a more profound knowledge of the virulence factors responsible for the morbidity and mortality caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is necessary. This review deals with the major structures of pneumococci involved in the pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease and their interference with the defense mechanisms of the host. It is well known that protection against S. pneumoniae is the result of phagocytosis of invading pathogens. For this process, complement and anticapsular polysaccharide antibodies are required. Besides, relatively recent experimental data suggest that protection is also mediated by the removal of disintegrating pneumococci and their degradation products (cell wall, pneumolysin). These structures seem to be major contributors to illness and death caused by pneumococci. An effective conjugate vaccine should therefore preferably include the capsular polysaccharide and at least one of these inflammatory factors.
摘要
尽管肺炎球菌结合疫苗已接近获批，但仍有必要更深入地了解导致肺炎链球菌发病和死亡的毒力因子。本综述探讨了参与肺炎球菌疾病发病机制的肺炎球菌主要结构及其对宿主防御机制的干扰。众所周知，针对肺炎链球菌的保护作用是入侵病原体被吞噬的结果。此过程需要补体和抗荚膜多糖抗体。此外，最近的实验数据表明，保护作用还通过清除解体的肺炎球菌及其降解产物（细胞壁、肺炎溶血素）介导。这些结构似乎是肺炎球菌所致疾病和死亡的主要因素。因此，一种有效的结合疫苗最好应包含荚膜多糖和这些炎症因子中的至少一种。
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