Watson P
Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, University of Cambridge, England.
Soc Sci Med. 1995 Oct;41(7):923-34. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00405-i.
Since the mid-1960s, rates of premature mortality have increased among men in all Eastern European countries, giving rise to an East-West health divide. The paper examines the existing data concerning the possible role of levels of smoking, fats consumption and/or environmental factors in explaining this phenomenon. An overview is offered of the key ways in which social experience in Eastern Europe has diverged from that in the West and it is argued that such an overview is pre-requisite for understanding the deteriorating health of men in the East. The importance of the 'incongruity' between aspirations and the means of achieving them is highlighted, as is the centrality of family-based coping strategies. It is argued that the devaluing of the public sphere and valorization of the private domain contribute to the greater health vulnerability of men under in Eastern Europe. The importance of the private sphere is reflected in the fact that the rise of premature male mortality has been overwhelmingly concentrated in the non-married population in the East European countries for which data is currently available.
自20世纪60年代中期以来，所有东欧国家男性的过早死亡率都有所上升，从而导致了东西方健康差距。本文研究了有关吸烟水平、脂肪摄入量和/或环境因素在解释这一现象中可能发挥的作用的现有数据。概述了东欧的社会经历与西方不同的关键方面，并认为这种概述是理解东欧男性健康状况恶化的先决条件。强调了期望与实现期望的手段之间“不协调”的重要性，以及基于家庭的应对策略的核心地位。有人认为，公共领域的贬值和私人领域的重视导致东欧男性的健康更加脆弱。私人领域的重要性体现在这样一个事实上，即目前有数据的东欧国家中，男性过早死亡率的上升绝大多数集中在未婚人口中。
