Burton T L, Williamson D L
Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 Nov;56(6):611-5. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.611.
The objectives of the study were to examine relationships between: (1) harmful effects of drinking and use of treatment services, (2) the number of different types of harm experienced and whether or not treatment was obtained, and (3) the types of treatment obtained and the perceived effectiveness of treatment.
A secondary analysis was carried out of data obtained from the Canadian National Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey, conducted by Statistics Canada in 1989. The sample consisted of 1,954 respondents who reported experiencing at least one of six specified harmful effects from drinking. Chi-square tests were used to test relationships, with the alpha level set at 0.01.
While 21.5% of all current drinkers suffered at least one type of harm, only 10.6% of these obtained treatment (Objective 1). The number of harmful effects experienced is directly related to the likelihood of obtaining treatment: only 3.8% of those who had experienced one type of harm received treatment compared to 41.6% of those suffering all six types of harm (Objective 2). Almost three-quarters (73.8%) of those who received treatment obtained it through self-help groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous. While the findings about perceived effectiveness of treatment are tenuous because of the small numbers involved, more than half (52.0%) of those who had used self-help groups rated them as very effective, with most of the remainder (43.2%) rating them as moderately effective (Objective 3).
The results confirm the contention that those who suffer harm from drinking are often difficult to involve in treatment. They also show, however, that the greater the number of harmful effects experienced, the more likely it is that a person will obtain treatment, suggesting that those most harmed are easiest to involve in treatment. The findings also emphasize that self-help groups are the overwhelmingly preferred mechanism for those who do obtain treatment, perhaps because of their greater accessibility and flexibility. Also, although the least reported harmful effect was on work, studies and employment, persons suffering this type of harm were the most likely to obtain treatment, suggesting that others affected by the harmed person may play a significant role in influencing him or her to obtain treatment.
本研究的目的是检验以下几方面的关系：（1）饮酒的有害影响与治疗服务的使用；（2）经历的不同类型伤害的数量与是否接受治疗；（3）接受的治疗类型与治疗的感知效果。
对1989年加拿大统计局进行的加拿大全国酒精及其他药物调查所获数据进行二次分析。样本包括1954名报告称经历过饮酒六种特定有害影响中至少一种的受访者。使用卡方检验来检验关系，显著性水平设定为0.01。
虽然所有当前饮酒者中有21.5%至少遭受一种伤害，但其中只有10.6%接受了治疗（目标1）。经历的有害影响数量与接受治疗的可能性直接相关：经历一种伤害的人中只有3.8%接受了治疗，而遭受所有六种伤害的人中这一比例为41.6%（目标2）。接受治疗的人中近四分之三（73.8%）是通过诸如戒酒互助会之类的自助团体获得治疗的。虽然由于涉及人数较少，关于治疗感知效果的研究结果不太可靠，但使用过自助团体的人中超过一半（52.0%）将其评为非常有效，其余大多数（43.2%）评为中等有效（目标3）。
结果证实了以下观点，即那些因饮酒而受伤害的人往往难以参与治疗。然而，结果还表明，经历的有害影响数量越多，一个人接受治疗的可能性就越大，这表明受伤害最大的人最容易参与治疗。研究结果还强调，对于那些确实接受治疗的人来说，自助团体是绝大多数人首选的途径，这可能是因为它们更容易获得且更具灵活性。此外，虽然报告最少的有害影响是对工作、学习和就业方面，但遭受此类伤害的人最有可能接受治疗，这表明受伤害者身边的其他人可能在影响其接受治疗方面发挥重要作用。
