Furuoka H, Izumida N, Horiuchi M, Osame S, Matsui T
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan.
Acta Neuropathol. 1995;90(6):565-71. doi: 10.1007/BF00318568.
During 1992, on a farm in the Tokachi district of Hokkaido, Japan, approximately 20 Holstein-Friesian calves showed neuroparalysis and died within 7-10 days after routine vaccination. Six male calves, aged about 1.5 months, were submitted to our laboratory for pathological examination and diagnosed as acute or subacute necrotizing meningoencephalitis due to bovine herpes virus (BHV) infection. The main necropsy findings included a few hemorrhages or clots, and malacic lesions localized in the cortical to subcortical area of the cerebrum. Histopathological brain lesions were characterized by laminar or focal necrosis of neurons, accompanying macrophages, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, severe astrogliosis, and perivascular cuffing in all six calves. Nuclear basophilic inclusion bodies, which showed positive reaction with immunocytochemical staining of BHV antigen, were observed in the necrotic neurons, astroglia and oligodendroglia in five affected calves. BHV antigens were also seen in the cell bodies and cell processes of the necrotic neurons, which was indicative of cell-to-cell propagation of infection. There was a general tendency for more severe lesions to be located at the cortex to subcortex of the cerebrum. Milder lesions were observed in the cerebellum and brain stem. These findings suggest that the infectious route to the cerebrum in the present cases was through the olfactory bulbs and/or along the meninges beginning from the ethmoid bone, rather than through the trigeminal ganglia route as had been emphasized in studies dealing with experimental infection.
1992年期间，在日本北海道十胜地区的一个农场里，大约20头荷斯坦 - 弗里生犊牛在常规疫苗接种后7至10天内出现神经麻痹并死亡。6头约1.5月龄的雄性犊牛被送到我们实验室进行病理检查，诊断为牛疱疹病毒（BHV）感染引起的急性或亚急性坏死性脑膜脑炎。主要尸检发现包括少量出血或血凝块，以及位于大脑皮质至皮质下区域的软化灶。所有6头犊牛的组织病理学脑部病变特征为神经元层状或局灶性坏死，伴有巨噬细胞、多形核细胞浸润、严重星形胶质细胞增生和血管周围套袖现象。在5头患病犊牛的坏死神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞中观察到核嗜碱性包涵体，其对BHV抗原免疫细胞化学染色呈阳性反应。在坏死神经元的细胞体和细胞突起中也可见BHV抗原，这表明感染存在细胞间传播。病变一般更倾向于在大脑皮质至皮质下区域更为严重。在小脑和脑干观察到较轻的病变。这些发现表明，在本病例中，感染大脑的途径是通过嗅球和/或从筛骨开始沿脑膜，而不是像在实验感染研究中所强调的通过三叉神经节途径。
