Sullivan D J, Henman M C, Moran G P, O'Neill L C, Bennett D E, Shanley D B, Coleman D C
University of Dublin, School of Dental Science, Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Republic of Ireland.
J Med Microbiol. 1996 Jun;44(6):399-408. doi: 10.1099/00222615-44-6-399.
The reported incidence of fungal infections associated with non-albicans species from the Candida genus is increasing. Most of these infections occur in immunocompromised patients, particularly those infected with HIV. The role of molecular genetic techniques alongside the existing techniques for the identification and typing of these organisms is discussed. Species-specific genomic DNA fragments cloned from C. tropicalis and C. krusei have been developed for identification and strain typing. Analysis of tRNA profiles has been shown to be effective for the identification of C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. A PCR method employing primers complimentary to large ribosomal subunit genes and the lanosterol-alpha-demethylase gene has been applied for several species, including C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. Strain typing by comparison of genomic DNA fingerprints has been demonstrated for C. tropicalis and C. krusei following hybridisation analysis with species-specific probes. Synthetic oligonucleotide probes--which do not have to be species-specific and which can detect minor polymorphisms--have also been used for strain typing of isolates of several non-albicans species. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) has also been used for analysis of C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae and C. tropicalis isolates. The potential for the application of these and other techniques to Candida spp. taxonomy--and the example of a recently discovered novel species, C. dubliniensis--is discussed.
据报道，念珠菌属中非白色念珠菌引起的真菌感染发病率正在上升。这些感染大多发生在免疫功能低下的患者中，尤其是感染了HIV的患者。本文讨论了分子遗传学技术与现有技术在这些生物体鉴定和分型中的作用。已开发出从热带念珠菌和克鲁斯念珠菌克隆的物种特异性基因组DNA片段，用于鉴定和菌株分型。已证明分析tRNA谱对光滑念珠菌、季也蒙念珠菌、近平滑念珠菌和热带念珠菌的鉴定有效。一种使用与大核糖体亚基基因和羊毛甾醇-α-脱甲基酶基因互补的引物的PCR方法已应用于包括光滑念珠菌、克鲁斯念珠菌和热带念珠菌在内的多个物种。在与物种特异性探针杂交分析后，已证明热带念珠菌和克鲁斯念珠菌可通过比较基因组DNA指纹进行菌株分型。合成寡核苷酸探针——不一定是物种特异性的，且能检测微小多态性——也已用于几种非白色念珠菌分离株的菌株分型。随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）也已用于光滑念珠菌、葡萄牙念珠菌和热带念珠菌分离株的分析。本文讨论了这些技术及其他技术应用于念珠菌属分类学的潜力——以及最近发现的一个新物种都柏林念珠菌的例子。
