Moneta G B, Csikszentmihalyi M
Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
J Pers. 1996 Jun;64(2):275-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00512.x.
This article investigates the effects that perceived challenges and skills in activities have on the quality of everyday life experience. Based on flow theory it was predicted that quality of daily experience would depend on the challenge experienced and skill required in specific situations, as well as on the balance between challenge and skill. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used on a sample of 208 talented adolescents to measure daily variations in four dimensions of experience (concentration, wish to do the activity, involvement, and happiness) in four contexts (in school, with relatives, with friends, and in solitude). The four dimensions of experience were regressed on the predictors challenges, skills, and their absolute difference expressing the balance/imbalance of challenges and skills. Hierarchical linear modeling, explained in detail herein, was conducted on a 1-week sample of experiences. Findings confirm the prediction of flow theory that the balance of challenges and skills has a positive and independent effect on the quality of experience. Yet some differences of parameter estimates were found between dimensions of experience and between social contexts. These heterogeneities call for a further improvement of the flow model.
本文探讨了活动中感知到的挑战和技能对日常生活体验质量的影响。基于心流理论，研究预测日常体验质量将取决于特定情境中所经历的挑战和所需的技能，以及挑战与技能之间的平衡。研究采用经验取样法（ESM），对208名有天赋的青少年进行抽样，以测量他们在四种情境（学校、与亲属相处、与朋友相处以及独处）下，体验的四个维度（专注度、参与活动的意愿、投入度和幸福感）的日常变化。将体验的四个维度对预测变量挑战、技能及其表示挑战与技能平衡/失衡的绝对差值进行回归分析。本文详细解释了分层线性模型，该模型基于一周的体验样本进行构建。研究结果证实了心流理论中的预测，即挑战与技能的平衡对体验质量具有积极且独立的影响。然而，在体验维度之间以及社会情境之间发现了一些参数估计的差异。这些异质性要求进一步改进心流模型。
