Grant C M, MacIver F H, Dawes I W
C. R. C. for Food Industry Innovation, School of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of New South, Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Curr Genet. 1996 May;29(6):511-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02426954.
Glutathione (GSH) is an abundant cellular thiol which has been implicated in numerous cellular processes and in protection against stress caused by xenobiotics, carcinogens and radiation. Our experiments address the requirement for GSH in yeast, and its role in protection against oxidative stress. Mutants which are unable to synthesis GSH due to a gene disruption in GSH 1, encoding the enzyme for the first step in the biosynthesis of GSH, require exogenous GSH for growth under non-stress conditions. Growth can also be restored with reducing agents containing a sulphydryl group, including dithiothreitol, beta-mercaptoethanol and cysteine, indicating that GSH is essential only as a reductant during normal cellular processes. In addition, the GSH 1-disruption strain is sensitive to oxidative stress caused by H2O2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The requirement for GSH in protection against oxidative stress is analogous to that in higher eukaryotes, but unlike the situation in bacteria where it is dispensable for growth during both normal and oxidative stress conditions.
谷胱甘肽（GSH）是一种丰富的细胞硫醇，它参与了众多细胞过程，并在抵御由外源性物质、致癌物和辐射引起的应激反应中发挥作用。我们的实验研究了酵母中谷胱甘肽的需求及其在抵御氧化应激中的作用。由于编码谷胱甘肽生物合成第一步所需酶的GSH 1基因发生破坏而无法合成谷胱甘肽的突变体，在非应激条件下生长需要外源谷胱甘肽。含有巯基的还原剂，包括二硫苏糖醇、β-巯基乙醇和半胱氨酸，也能恢复其生长，这表明谷胱甘肽仅在正常细胞过程中作为还原剂是必不可少的。此外，GSH 1基因破坏菌株对过氧化氢和叔丁基过氧化氢引起的氧化应激敏感。谷胱甘肽在抵御氧化应激中的需求与高等真核生物相似，但与细菌不同，在细菌中，无论是正常条件还是氧化应激条件下，谷胱甘肽对于生长都是可有可无的。
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