Kuo C C, Jackson L A, Campbell L A, Grayston J T
Department of Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995 Oct;8(4):451-61. doi: 10.1128/CMR.8.4.451.
Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) is a recently recognized third species of the genus Chlamydia that causes acute respiratory disease. It is distinct from the other two chlamydial species that infect humans, C. trachomatis and C. psittaci, in elementary body morphology and shares less than 10% of the DNA homology with those species. The organism has a global distribution, with infection most common among children between the ages of 5 and 14 years. In children, TWAR infection is usually mild or asymptomatic, but it may be more severe in adults. Pneumonia and bronchitis are the most common clinical manifestations of infection, and TWAR is responsible for approximately 10% of cases of pneumonia and 5% of cases of bronchitis in the United States. The microimmunofluorescence serologic assay is specific for TWAR and can distinguish between recent and past infections. The organism can be isolated in cell culture; however, PCR techniques have recently facilitated its detection in tissues and clinical specimens.
肺炎衣原体（TWAR）是衣原体属中最近被认识的第三种可引起急性呼吸道疾病的物种。它在原体形态上与另外两种感染人类的衣原体物种，即沙眼衣原体和鹦鹉热衣原体不同，并且与这些物种的DNA同源性低于10%。该生物体在全球范围内分布，感染在5至14岁的儿童中最为常见。在儿童中，TWAR感染通常较轻或无症状，但在成人中可能更严重。肺炎和支气管炎是感染最常见的临床表现，在美国，TWAR约占肺炎病例的10%和支气管炎病例的5%。微量免疫荧光血清学检测对TWAR具有特异性，能够区分近期感染和既往感染。该生物体可在细胞培养中分离；然而，PCR技术最近促进了其在组织和临床标本中的检测。
