Leininger M
Nurs Sci Q. 1996 Summer;9(2):71-8. doi: 10.1177/089431849600900208.
Today nurses are facing a world in which they are almost forced to use transculturally-based nursing theories and practices in order to care for people of diverse cultures. The author, who in the mid-50s pioneered the development of the first transcultural nursing theory with a care focus, discusses the relevance, assumptions, and predictions of the culture care theory along with the ethnonursing research method. The author contends that transcultural nursing findings are gradually transforming nursing practice and are providing a new paradigm shift from traditional medical and unicultural practice to multiculturally congruent and specific care modalities. A few research findings are presented to show the importance of being attentive to cultural care diversities and universalities as the major tenets of the theory. In addition, some major contributions of the theory are cited along with major challenges for the immediate future.
如今，护士们面临着这样一个世界，在这个世界里，为了照顾不同文化背景的人，他们几乎不得不采用基于跨文化的护理理论和实践。这位作者在50年代中期率先提出了首个以护理为重点的跨文化护理理论，她讨论了文化护理理论的相关性、假设和预测，以及民族护理研究方法。作者认为，跨文化护理的研究结果正在逐渐改变护理实践，并正在带来一种新的范式转变，即从传统医学和单一文化实践转向多元文化一致且具体的护理模式。文中呈现了一些研究结果，以表明关注文化护理的多样性和普遍性作为该理论的主要原则的重要性。此外，还列举了该理论的一些主要贡献以及近期面临的主要挑战。
