Needleman C, Needleman M L
Bryn Mawr College, PA 19010, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):329-37. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199604)29:4<329::AID-AJIM10>3.0.CO;2-3.
Intervention research takes place in field settings and requires understanding of social meanings and social processes. These are tasks for which qualitative research methods are well suited. The purpose of this paper is to provide a starting point for those who would like to learn more about the qualitative research methods used in disciplines where the study of social phenomena in naturalistic settings is common-particularly sociology, cultural anthropology, and human services program evaluation. The paper discusses some ways that qualitative and quantitative methodologies can usefully work together, outlines four key differences in the initial premises of quantitative and qualitative research approaches, briefly reviews some methodological techniques useful in gathering and analyzing qualitative data, and provides suggestions for further reading on various aspects of qualitative research.
干预研究在实地环境中进行，需要理解社会意义和社会过程。这些正是定性研究方法非常适合的任务。本文的目的是为那些希望更多了解在自然环境中研究社会现象的学科（尤其是社会学、文化人类学和人类服务项目评估）中所使用的定性研究方法的人提供一个起点。本文讨论了定性和定量方法可以有效结合的一些方式，概述了定量和定性研究方法初始前提的四个关键差异，简要回顾了一些在收集和分析定性数据时有用的方法技术，并提供了关于定性研究各个方面的进一步阅读建议。
