Longshore R C, O'Brien D P, Johnson G C, Grooters A M, Kroll R A
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia 65211, USA.
J Vet Intern Med. 1996 May-Jun;10(3):103-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02040.x.
Dysautonomia was diagnosed in 11 young (median age, 14-months), predominantly medium- to large-breed dogs from 1988 to 1995. Clinical signs caused by autonomic dysfunction of the urinary, alimentary, and ocular systems were most common. Dysuria, mydriasis, absence of pupillary light reflexes, decreased tear production, dry mucous membranes, weight loss, and decreased anal tone were present in over 75% of affected dogs. Ocular pharmacological testing with a dilute (0.1%) solution of pilocarpine was used to demonstrate iris sphincter receptor function in all dogs. A low-dose (0.0375 mg/kg s.c.) bethanechol test and pharmacological testing with phenylephrine and epinephrine also demonstrated cholinergic and adrenergic receptor function in 4 dogs. All dogs died or were euthanized as a results of autonomic dysfunction. Neuronal depletion, with associated gliosis and minimal inflammation were noted histologically in the autonomic ganglia of each dog. The pelvic, ciliary, celiac, cranial cervical, and cranial and caudal mesenteric ganglia were affected in all dogs. The cause of autonomic failure in these dogs was not determined.
1988年至1995年期间，对11只年轻（中位年龄14个月）、主要为中大型犬的自主神经功能障碍进行了诊断。泌尿、消化和眼系统自主神经功能障碍引起的临床症状最为常见。超过75%的患病犬出现排尿困难、瞳孔散大、瞳孔对光反射消失、泪液分泌减少、黏膜干燥、体重减轻和肛门张力降低。对所有犬均使用稀释（0.1%）毛果芸香碱溶液进行眼药理学测试，以证明虹膜括约肌受体功能。低剂量（0.0375 mg/kg皮下注射）氨甲酰甲胆碱试验以及用去氧肾上腺素和肾上腺素进行的药理学测试也在4只犬中证明了胆碱能和肾上腺素能受体功能。所有犬均因自主神经功能障碍死亡或被安乐死。组织学检查发现，每只犬的自主神经节均有神经元缺失，并伴有胶质细胞增生和轻微炎症。所有犬的盆腔、睫状、腹腔、颈前、肠系膜前和肠系膜后神经节均受到影响。这些犬自主神经功能衰竭的原因尚未确定。
