Carrier L M, Pashler H
Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1995 Sep;21(5):1339-48. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.21.5.1339.
The hypothesis that episodic memory retrieval can occur in parallel with other cognitive processes was tested in 2 experiments. Participants memorized words and then performed speeded cued recall (Experiment 1) or speeded yes-no recognition (Experiment 2) in a dual-task situation. The psychological refractory period design was used: The participant was presented with a single test item at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 50-1,200 ms) after a tone was presented in an auditory-manual 2-alternative choice reaction task. Reducing the SOA increased the memory task reaction times. This slowing was additive with the effect of variables slowing retrieval in the memory task. The results indicate that memory retrieval is delayed by central processes in the choice task, arguing that the central bottleneck responsible for dual-task interference encompasses memory retrieval as well as response selection.
在两项实验中对情景记忆检索可与其他认知过程并行发生这一假设进行了测试。参与者先记忆单词，然后在双重任务情境中进行快速线索回忆（实验1）或快速是非判断识别（实验2）。采用了心理不应期设计：在听觉-手动二选一反应任务中呈现一个音调后，在不同的刺激起始异步时间（SOA；50 - 1200毫秒）向参与者呈现单个测试项目。缩短SOA会增加记忆任务的反应时间。这种减慢与记忆任务中减缓检索的变量的影响是累加的。结果表明，选择任务中的中枢过程会延迟记忆检索，这表明负责双重任务干扰的中枢瓶颈既包括记忆检索也包括反应选择。
