Karmaus W, Wolf N
NORDIG Institute for Health Research and Prevention, Hamburg, Germany.
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Dec;103(12):1120-5. doi: 10.1289/ehp.951031120.
The objective of this study was to investigate a broad range of adverse health outcomes and their potential association to wood preservative used in daycare centers. This article focuses on reproductive effects. A sample of 221 exposed teachers was provided by the employer's liability insurers. A comparison group (n = 189) insured by the same two organizations was recruited from nonexposed daycare centers. In a face-to-face interview, job history and reproductive history of 398 female teachers were ascertained. Data on exposure were provided, including measurements on concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and lindane in wood panels, and of PCP, lindane, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in indoor air. An exposure matrix based on individual job history, independent exposure information from each center, and reproductive history was set up with regard to the vulnerable time windows for each pregnancy. Using this approach, 49 exposed and 507 nonexposed pregnancies were identified, including 32 exposed and 386 nonexposed live births. For subgroup analyses the observations were restricted to independent pregnancies, excluding multiple and consecutive births. The data were analyzed with linear regression techniques, taking confounders into account. The crude median difference between exposed and nonexposed was 175 g in birthweight and 2 cm in length. Controlling for confounders, the results show a significantly reduced but weight (p = 0.04) and length (p = 0.02) in exposed pregnancies, even after restricting the data to independent pregnancies and pregnancies for which data could be validated from the mother's health cards. These differences were not explained by differences in gestational age indicating that a toxic effect, which could cause small-for date newborns, might have affected the fetus.
本研究的目的是调查一系列广泛的不良健康结果及其与日托中心使用的木材防腐剂之间的潜在关联。本文重点关注生殖影响。由雇主责任保险公司提供了221名接触过的教师样本。从无接触的日托中心招募了由相同两个组织承保的对照组（n = 189）。在面对面访谈中，确定了398名女教师的工作史和生殖史。提供了接触数据，包括木板中五氯苯酚（PCP）和林丹的浓度，以及室内空气中PCP、林丹、多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃的测量值。根据每位教师的工作史、每个中心独立的接触信息以及生殖史，针对每次怀孕的易受影响时间段建立了接触矩阵。采用这种方法，确定了49例接触过的妊娠和507例未接触过的妊娠，包括32例接触过的活产和386例未接触过的活产。对于亚组分析，观察对象仅限于独立妊娠，不包括多胞胎和连续分娩。使用线性回归技术对数据进行分析，并考虑了混杂因素。接触组和未接触组之间出生体重的粗略中位数差异为175克，身长差异为2厘米。在控制混杂因素后，结果显示，即使将数据限制在独立妊娠以及可从母亲健康卡中验证数据的妊娠中，接触过的妊娠中出生体重（p = 0.04）和身长（p = 0.02）仍显著降低。这些差异不能用胎龄差异来解释，这表明可能有一种导致小样儿的毒性作用影响了胎儿。
