Vartiainen T, Jaakkola J J, Saarikoski S, Tuomisto J
Division of Environmental Health, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland.
Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106(2):61-6. doi: 10.1289/ehp.9810661.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in 167 random human milk samples from urban and rural areas in Finland. Dietary habits and background information on each mother and child were gathered by questionnaire. Body mass indexes (BMI) before pregnancy and delivery in the rural area were 5-10% higher than in the urban area, but fat content of mother's milk was about 10% higher in the urban area. The mean weights of children (+/- standard deviation) were similar in the rural and urban areas among primiparae, 3,500 +/- 597 g and 3,505 +/- 454 g, respectively, although dioxin international toxic equivalents (I-TEQs) were significantly higher in the urban area. The mother's level of education did not affect the weight of the child, but concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs (I-TEQ, 2,3,4,7,8-Cl5 dibenzofuran,1,2, 3,7,8-Cl5 dibenzodioxin) and PCBs [sum of PCBs (sumPCB), PCB-TEQ, and most PCB congeners] increased with advanced education. This is considered to be due to differences in the mother's consumption of fish. The birth weight, especially of boys, slightly decreased with increasing concentrations of I-TEQ, 2,3,4,7,8-Cl5 dibenzofuran, 1,2,3, 7,8-Cl5 dibenzodioxin, and 2,3,7,8-Cl4 dibenzodioxin; however, when the analysis was restricted to primiparae, there was no statistically significant correlation between birth weight and the concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs. No correlation was found between the weight of the child and PCBs, PCB-TEQs, or individual PCB congeners in the whole material or among primiparae, or among boys or girls. The concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs inhuman milk were modeled for primiparae by weighing fish consumption, age of mother, milk fat content, and BMI before pregnancy. The linear regression resulted in values of R = 0.67 and 0.30 for the modeled dioxin I-TEQs in the urban and rural areas, respectively, and the corresponding values for sumPCBs of R = 0.60 and 0.11. The increase of PCDD/PCDF body burden was calculated to be on average 0.58 pg I-TEQ/g milk fat/year in the urban area and 0.39 pg I-TEQ/g milk fat/year in the rural area.
对来自芬兰城乡地区的167份随机采集的母乳样本进行了多氯代二苯并 - 对二噁英（PCDDs）、多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的分析。通过问卷调查收集了每位母亲和孩子的饮食习惯及背景信息。农村地区孕前和分娩时的体重指数（BMI）比城市地区高5 - 10%，但城市地区母乳中的脂肪含量约高10%。初产妇中，农村和城市地区孩子的平均体重（±标准差）相似，分别为3500±597克和3505±454克，不过城市地区二噁英国际毒性当量（I - TEQs）显著更高。母亲的教育程度不影响孩子的体重，但PCDDs/PCDFs（I - TEQ、2,3,4,7,8 - Cl5二苯并呋喃、1,2,3,7,8 - Cl5二苯并二噁英）和PCBs[PCBs总和（sumPCB）、PCB - TEQ以及大多数PCB同系物]的浓度随教育程度提高而增加。这被认为是由于母亲鱼类消费量的差异。出生体重，尤其是男孩的出生体重，随I - TEQ、2,3,4,7,8 - Cl5二苯并呋喃、1,2,3,7,8 - Cl5二苯并二噁英和2,3,7,8 - Cl4二苯并二噁英浓度的增加略有下降；然而，当分析仅限于初产妇时，出生体重与PCDDs/PCDFs浓度之间无统计学显著相关性。在整个样本、初产妇群体、男孩或女孩群体中，均未发现孩子体重与PCBs、PCB - TEQs或单个PCB同系物之间存在相关性。通过权衡鱼类消费量、母亲年龄、乳脂肪含量和孕前BMI，对初产妇母乳中PCDDs/PCDFs和PCBs的浓度进行建模。线性回归得出城市和农村地区二噁英I - TEQs建模值的R分别为0.67和0.30，sumPCBs的相应R值分别为0.60和0.11。计算得出城市地区PCDD/PCDF体内负荷平均每年增加0.58 pg I - TEQ/g乳脂肪，农村地区为0.39 pg I - TEQ/g乳脂肪。
