Granholm E, Asarnow R F, Sarkin A J, Dykes K L
San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of California 92161, USA.
Psychophysiology. 1996 Jul;33(4):457-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb01071.x.
Cognitive task-evoked pupillary responses reliably index information-processing loads. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the nature of the pupillary response when processing demands approach or exceed available processing resources. This condition was examined in 22 normal undergraduates by using pupillometric recordings during a digit span recall task, with 5 (low load), 9 (moderate load), and 13 (excessive load) digits per string. Pupillary responses increased systematically with increased processing load (to-be-recalled digits) until the limit of available resources (memory capacity of 7 +/- 2 digits), when they reached asymptote and then declined with resource overload (> 9 digits). These findings suggest that pupillary responses increase systematically with increased processing demands that are below resource limits, change little during active processing at or near resource limits, and begin to decline when processing demands exceed available resources.
认知任务诱发的瞳孔反应能够可靠地反映信息处理负荷。然而，以往的研究报告称，当处理需求接近或超过可用处理资源时，瞳孔反应的性质存在不一致的发现。通过在数字广度回忆任务中使用瞳孔测量记录，对22名正常本科生进行了此项研究，每个字符串分别有5个（低负荷）、9个（中等负荷）和13个（高负荷）数字。瞳孔反应随着处理负荷（待回忆数字）的增加而系统性增加，直到达到可用资源的极限（记忆容量为7±2个数字），此时瞳孔反应达到渐近线，然后随着资源过载（>9个数字）而下降。这些发现表明，当处理需求低于资源极限时，瞳孔反应会随着处理需求的增加而系统性增加，在资源极限或接近资源极限的主动处理过程中变化不大，而当处理需求超过可用资源时，瞳孔反应开始下降。
