Cornish L S, Parsons B J, Dobbin M D
Pharmacy Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 1996 Jun;20(3):278-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.1996.tb01029.x.
We investigated the antecedents of ingestion of dishwashing machine detergent to enable the development of effective countermeasures. Parents who had sought advice from the Victorian Poisons Information Centre about dishwasher detergent poisoning exposures of their children were interviewed by telephone. Almost all the children (94 per cent) were aged between 6 and 29 months. Of the 61 children included in the survey, 53 (87 per cent) gained access to the detergent from the dishwasher. Of these, 50 (94 per cent) took the detergent from the dispenser on the internal surface of the door of the machine, and 38 (76 per cent) of these ingested detergent remaining in the dispenser after operation of the machine. Parents were present in the room on 78 per cent of occasions at the time of ingestion. Most parents (72 per cent) were aware of the toxicity of the detergents. Relocation of the dispenser or redesigning it to prevent access both before and after operation would have prevented most of the exposures to detergent. Altering the detergent to prevent caking or sludging might prevent many of the exposures to detergent remaining in the dispenser after operation of the machine. The level of prior knowledge about toxicity suggests that education or additional warnings are unlikely to contribute substantially to prevention of poisoning. Telephone call-back to identified cases is a useful method of investigating complex poisoning problems and developing effective countermeasures.
我们对误食洗碗机洗涤剂的相关情况进行了调查，以便制定有效的应对措施。通过电话采访了那些曾就其孩子接触洗碗机洗涤剂中毒事件向维多利亚州毒物信息中心寻求建议的家长。几乎所有孩子（94%）年龄在6至29个月之间。在此次调查涵盖的61名儿童中，53名（87%）是从洗碗机中拿到洗涤剂的。其中，50名（94%）是从洗碗机门内表面的洗涤剂分配器中拿到的，而这些孩子中有38名（76%）在洗碗机运行后食用了分配器中剩余的洗涤剂。78%的误食情况发生时家长就在房间里。大多数家长（72%）知晓洗涤剂的毒性。重新安置洗涤剂分配器或对其进行重新设计，以防止在洗碗机运行前后被接触到，这样就能避免大多数洗涤剂接触事件。改变洗涤剂以防止结块或形成淤渣，可能会避免许多在洗碗机运行后仍留在分配器中的洗涤剂接触事件。家长对毒性的预先了解程度表明，开展教育或增加警示不太可能对预防中毒起到很大作用。对已确认的案例进行电话回访是调查复杂中毒问题并制定有效应对措施的一种有用方法。
